Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the cause of Feline Bronchial disease/Asthma?
|
Causes unknown, allergy suspected
|
|
|
What are some signs of Feline Bronchial disease/Asthma?
|
Coughing,
Wheezing on expiration, Prolonged expiration Retching or vomiting at end of coughing fit |
|
|
How do you diagnose Feline asthma diagnosis?
|
Chest x-rays
CBC Tracheal wash Heartworm tests Fecal test for lungworm |
|
|
What does the Chest x-rays do?
|
Bronchial Pattern
|
|
|
What does the CBC measure?
|
Eosinophilia
|
|
|
What does the tracheal wash do?
|
Eosinophils
|
|
|
What is the treatment of feline bronchial disease/asthma
|
Limit stress if possible
Oxygen Corticosteriods Bronchodilators May require long term or intermittent medication to control/prevent episodes |
|
|
What is the cause of chronic bronchitis?
|
causes unknown
|
|
|
What breeds are more common to get chronic bronchitis?
|
Often small breed dog, but both small and large breed dogs affected
|
|
|
What ages are more common to get chronic Bronchitis?
|
MIddle aged to older and overweight
|
|
|
What does Chronic bronchitis cause?
|
Chronic cough, otherwise healthy
|
|
|
What do you use to dx Chronic bronchitis?
|
Chest X-rays to look at the bronchial pattern
|
|
|
How do you manage chronic bronchitis?
|
Corticosteroids, bronchodilators, antitussives
|
|
|
What kind of disease is pneumonia?
|
bacterial
|
|
|
How does pneumonia occur?
|
aspiration, inhaled food or gastric contents.. can occur under anesthesia
|
|
|
What can you see when you try to diagnose pneumonia?
|
You can see the alveolar pattern in cranial ventral lung fields on thoracic radiographs and neutrophilia on CBC
|
|
|
What is the treatment of pneumonia?
|
Antibiotics, thoracic coupage
|
|
|
What is pulmonary edema?
|
Fluid in the lungs
|
|
|
What are the two categories that classify pulmonary edema?
|
Cardiogenic and non =-cardiogenic
|
|
|
Where do heartworm live?
|
Pulmonary artery outflow tract
|
|
|
What does Heartworm cause?
|
cough, ascites, dyspneas, weakness
|
|
|
Is neoplasia of the lung usually metastatic?
|
yes
|
|
|
What do thoracic radiographs yield when there is neoplasia?
|
usually nodular interstitial pattern, may be diffuse with some neoplasias
|
|
|
What are pulmonary contusions?
|
Trauma.. hemorrhage in lungs
|
|
|
What do the thoracic radiographs of pulmonary contusions look like?
|
alveolar pattern
|
|
|
What is pleural effusion due to?
|
RCHF
Pyothorax Chylothorax Hemothorax Pneumothorax FIP in cats |
|
|
What is Chylothorax?
|
Leakage of chyle from the thoracic duct..
|
|
|
What is Chyle?
|
Lympn (water, protein, and lymphocytes) and triclycerides
|
|
|
What is pneumothorax?
|
Abdominal organs in the pleural space and is secondary to trauma
|
|
|
What is a diaphragmatic hernia?
|
Abdominal organs in the pleural space and is secondary to trauma
|
|
|
What are diagnostic tests for diseases of the respiratory system?
|
Thoracic radiographs
TTA- Transtracheal aspiration Thoracocentesis Bronchoscopy/Rhinoscopy Pulso oximetry CBC Chemistry Profile FELV/FIV test HW test Fecal Cardiac testing (echocardiography, ECG) |
|
|
What are some procedures related to the respiratory tract?
|
Nasal oxygen administration
Transtracheal aspiration |
|
|
What are the indications for nasal oxygen administration?
|
Hypoxia-Good choice if animal too mobile for mask or too large for an oxygen cage
|
|
|
What is the procedure for a nasal oxygen administration?
|
Tube measured from nostril to level of 4th premolar
Topical anesthetic Tube advanced to predetermined mark Suture at nostril and on top of head |
|
|
What is the purpose of a transtracheal aspiration(TTA)?
|
Obtains an uncontaminated sputum sample for microbiologic and cytologic studies and to permit instillation of oxygen or drugs into larger lower airways
|
|
|
What are some complications of a transtracheal aspiration?
|
Tracheal laceration and hemorrhage
Acute dyspnea Subcutaneous emphysema Pneumomediastinum Iatrogenic infection |
|
|
What equipment is needed for a transtracheal aspiration?
|
14-18 gauge, 12 inch long, thru-the-needle intravenous catheter
10 ml or 20 ml syringe filled with sterile physiologic saline solution antiseptic scrub and solution local anesthetic(lidocaine) Sterile gloves |
|
|
How do you restrain and position an animal for transtracheal aspiration?
|
Physical restraint usually adequate
Transquilization Local anesthesia General anesthesia contraindicated- no cough Sitting or sternal recumbency |
|
|
What is the procedure for a transtracheal aspiration?
|
1. Extend neck so nose points to ceiling
2. Clip, steril prep of skin over cricothyroid membrane or trachea, infuse local anesthesia SQ 3. Insert needle into tracheal lumen by puncturing cricotyroid or interannular membrane at 45-degree angle 4. Advance catheter to its full length 5. Rapidly infuse sterile saline through catheter(3-10 ml) 6. While animal si coughing, aspirate secretions of exudates into syringe. 7. Remove catheter and apply pressure to puncture site for 30 sec. 8. Transfer contents of syringe to specimen tubes for cytological and culture/sensitivity examination 9. Observe for dyspnea |
|
|
what is the procedure for a bronchoscopy?
|
1. Use a fiber-optic endoscope
2. Visualize large airways 3. Obtain samples for histopathology, cytology, C&S 4. Remove foreign bodies |
|
|
What are the indications for a thoracocentesis?
|
Pleural effusion
Diagnosis Relief of dyspnea Pneumothorax |
|
|
What are some complications of a thoracocentesis?
|
Iatrogenic lung laceration and pneumothorax and exacerbation of dyspnea due to restraint
|
|
|
What equipment do you need to conduct a thoracocentesis?
|
Butterfly catheter
Three way stopcock 12-20 ml syringe clippers, sterile prep materials |
|
|
What restraint and positioning do you need?
|
Minimal restraint
Sternal recumbency |
|
|
What are indications of a chest tube placement?
|
Pneumothorax
Pleural effusion Post-thoracotomy |
|
|
What are some complications of a chest tube placement?
|
Leakage of room air
Puncture of intercostal artery Laceration of lung Laceration of heart or great vessels |
|
|
What is the procedure for a chest tube placement?
|
1. Sterile prep 5th to 12th intercostal space
2. Premeasure tube from 7th-8th ICS to point of elbow 3. Skin incised at 10th ICS 4. Skin pulled cranially 5. ATube placed at 7th or 8th ICS 6. Superficial tissue incised, then tube placed bluntly with curved hemostats directed cranially 7. Purse-string suture, bandage, abx oint., e-collar 8. 3 way stopcock to seal end; monitor for leaks |
|
|
What are some portions of the upper airway?
|
Nasopharynx, larynx, trachea
|
|
|
What are some signs of disease of the upper airway?
|
Sneezing
Nasal discharge(serous, mucoid, mucopurulent, bloody) respiratory stertor or stridor Dyspnea/respiratory distress cough conjunctivitis |
|
|
What is Canine infectious Tracheobronchitis?
|
Kennel Cough aka Canine parainfluenza virus
|
|
|
What is the bacteria called that causes Kennel cough?
|
Bordatella bronchiseptica
|
|
|
How long does the Kennel cough vaccine last for?
|
about 6 months.
|
|
|
How do you treat Kennel cough?
|
Antibiotics, anti-tussives, +/- anti-inflammatories (Short-term if no pneumonia)
|
|
|
What is the Canine influenza virus?
|
It is a new virus(no natural immunity)
Highly contagious |
|
|
What are some of the symptoms of the influenza virus?
|
Soft, productive cough for 10-30 days
low grade fever thick nasal dischage +/- secondary bacteria pneumonia |
|
|
What is the vx for CIV called?
|
H3N8 killed virus vx
|
|
|
What is common in Feline Herpes virus?
|
Severe naso-ocular signs
Corneal ulcers common Chronic nasal or ocular disease can result animal can become a life-long, intermittent shedding carrier of disease |
|
|
What are some signs of the Feline Calicivirus?
|
Milder naso-ocular signs
Oral ulcerations common Carrier for months to years, persistent shedding |
|
|
How contagious is a cat with Feline Calici virus?
|
Highly contagious(should be treated as an outpatient)
|
|
|
What vx should you use to prevent calicivirus?
|
FVRCP
|
|
|
What is the Virulent systemic feline calicivirus?
|
Much more virulent strain of the calicivirus reported since 1998..
|
|
|
What age group does FS-FCV usually affect?
|
Adult cats rather than kittens
|
|
|
What can the cat have in conjunction with FS-FCV initially?
|
URTI, Oral ulcers, anorexia, lethargy..
|
|
|
What can the have in conjunction with FS-FCV after the first symptomms?
|
Develops high fever (>105), facial and limb edema and alopecia, ulcerative dermatitis
|
|
|
How often does a cat shed Virulent systemic feline calicivirus?
|
shed virus four times a month
|
|
|
Virulent systemic feline calicivirus: ___% mortality in adults
|
60
|
|
|
T/F FVRCP does protect?
|
False
|
|
|
What upper respiratory infection is primarily a cause of conjunctivitis?
|
Chlamydia(Chlamydophila felis)
|
|
|
What are some diseases of the nasal cavity?
|
Fungal
Tumors Foreign bodies Dental disease Allergy |
|
|
What are some signs of a collapsed trachea?
|
Trachea is not rigid
hacking cough |
|
|
What is the tx of a collapsed trachea?
|
Cough suppressants
|
|
|
What happens when an animal has Laryngeal paralysis?
|
Arytenoid cartilages of larynx do not open during inspiration
|
|
|
What animals have Laryngeal paralysis are more likely to have this?
|
Older, large breed dogs
|
|
|
What are some typical signs of Laryngeal paralysis?
|
Exercise intolerance, Change in bark, gag/cough when eating
|
|
|
How do you diagnose Laryngeal paralysis?
|
Signalment
signs Visualization of larynx |
|
|
What is the cause of Laryngeal paralysis?
|
Usually unknown, occasionally secondary to hypothyroidism
|
|
|
What is the tx of laryngeal paralysis?
|
Surgical correction
|
|
|
What are some symptoms of laryngeal paralysis that occur during warm weather?
|
Hyperthermic (>105)
Severe respiratory distress and stridor Cyanotic Need to cool down, calm down. supply oxygen |
|
|
Benign polyps in the ears of cats...
|
Arise in the middle of the ear
May rupture out through ear drum into external ear canal May migrate down eustachian tube to back of mouth/palate and cause respiratory noise or respiratory distress |
|
|
What are the indications of a Tracheostomy?
|
Provide means to deliver air or oxygen past an upper airway obstruction
|
|
|
What is the procedure for a Rhinoscopy?
|
1. Use of a fiber-optic endoscope
2. Visualize nasal cavity 3. Obtain samples for histopathology, cytology, C&S 4. Remove foreign bodies 5. Anterior-via nares 6. Posterior- via caudal soft palate. |
|
|
What fungal infection can affect the nose?
|
aspergillus causes aspergillosis
|
|
|
What foreign bodies can affect the nasal cavity?
|
Grass, mulch, popcorn, etc
|
|
|
What animals/breeds is brachycephalic airway syndrome common in?
|
Pugs, bulldogs, persian cats
|
|
|
What is Brachycephalic airway syndrome?
|
Narrowed nostrils(stenotic nares)
Overlong soft palate |
|
|
What are animals with Brachycephalic airway syndrome prone to?
|
Prone to dyspnea with excitement or overheating
|
