Respiratory Problems

Front 1

Esophageal varices

Back 1

Swollen vein of the eosphagus that ruptures causing death to 35% of cases
Caused by increase portal pressure by damage to liver
s/s hematemesis w/ bright red blood, dysphagia (diff swallowing, burnig of tearing sensation, classic signs of shock

Front 2

Cheyne-stokes respirations

Back 2

Ventilatory pattern w/ progressively increased tidal volume followed by a declining volumeseparated by periods of apnea at the end of expiration.
Seen in older pt. w/ terminal illness or brain injury

Front 3

Kussmauls respirations

Back 3

Deep, rapid breaths that result as a corrective measure against conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis that produce metabolic acidosis

Front 4

Central Neurogenic hyperventilation

Back 4

Deep, rapid respirations that are often caused by strokes or injury to the brain stem.
In this case there is loss of normal ventilatory control and respiratory alkalosis is often seen

Front 5

atcxic (Biot's) respirations

Back 5

Repeated episodes of gasping ventilations separated by periods of apnea
This is seen in pt. w/ increased ICP

Front 6

Adult respiratory distress syndrom (ARDS)

Back 6

Form of pulmonary edema that is caused by fluid accumlation in the interstitial space within the lungs.
s/s Dyspnea, confusion, agitation, fatigue, reduced exercise ability, tachycardia, tachypnea, crackles (rales)

Front 7

Emphysema

Back 7

Results from destruction of the alveolar walls distal to the treminal bronchioles. Decreasing the alveolar membrane surface area, thus lessening the area for gas exchange

Front 8

s/s Emphysema

Back 8

Recent weight loss, increased dyspnea on exertion,rarely associated w/ cough except in morning. barrel chest, prolonged expiratory phase, pink in color (pink puffer), pursed lips, clubed fingers, diminished breath sounds, signs of R. heart failure, one-two word dyspnea, accessory muscle

Front 9

Chronic bronchitis

Back 9

results from an increase in the number of the golblet (mucus secreting) cells in the respiratory tree. Gass exchange is decreased because fo the lower alveolar ventilation.

Front 10

s/s Chronic Bronchitis

Back 10

History of frequent respiratory infections, cough up considerable amount of sputum daily, tend to be overweight and cyanotic (blue bloaters), rhonchi due to occlusions w/ mucus plugs. Signs of R. heart failure

Front 11

Pneumonia

Back 11

Infection of the lungs. Fluid and inflammatory cells collect in the alveoli, and alveolar collapse may occur.

Front 12

s/s Pneumonia

Back 12

May appear ill, Hx fo fever and chills, weakness and malaise, deep productive cough my expel yellowto brown sputum often streaked w/ blood, pleuritic chest pain, tachypnea, tachycardia, crackles (rales)

Front 13

Pulmonary embolism

Back 13

A blood clot or other partical that lodges in a pulmonary artery blocking blood flow through that vessel

Front 14

s/s Pulmonary embolism

Back 14

Severe unexplained dyspnea, recent Hx of immobilization, labored breathing, tachypnea, tachycardia, may see signs of R. heart failure. 50% of cases have finding suggestive of deep venous thrombosis, including warm swolled extremity, pain on palpation and when extending the calf