Respiratory Pharmacology Test #1

Front 1

alpha receptor stimulation

Back 1

vasoconstriction and vasopressor effect

Front 2

vasopressor

Back 2

vasoconstrictor, any substance that acts to cause vasoconstriction and usually results in an increase of the blood pressure.

Front 3

Beta 1 receptor stimulation

Back 3

increased myocardial conductivity, heart rate and contractile force

Front 4

Beta 2 receptor stimulation

Back 4

relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle by increasing cAMP

Front 5

indications for use of sympathomimetics:

Back 5

relaxation of smooth airway muscle to reverse or improve airflow wbstruction. reverse bronchoconstriction seen with asthma

Front 6

what are sympathomimetics effects on mucous?

Back 6

stimulation of mucociliary clearance, increase mucus secretion, increased mucociliar transport

Front 7

which type of drug inhibits the release of mediators ferom mast cells, eosinophils and macrophages?

Back 7

sympathomimetics

Front 8

which type of drug inhibits bronchial edema?

Back 8

sympathomimetics

Front 9

which type of drug inhibits cholinergic transmission?

Back 9

sympathomimetics

Front 10

name some adverse effects of sympathomimetics.

Back 10

tremor, palpations, tachycardia, headache, insomnia, hypertension, dizziness, nausea, tachyphylaxis, hypokalemia, propellant toxicity, changes in insulin

Front 11

indication for use of anticholinergics:

Back 11

maintenance of broncho-constriction in COPD. nasal spray for alleries and rhinitis. used with sympathomimetics and when beta blockers are present

Front 12

mode of action ofor anticholinergics:

Back 12

block the action of acetycholine at parasympathetic postganglionic cell receptors

Front 13

which type of drug prevents the rise of G-AMP?

Back 13

anticholinergics

Front 14

which type of drug inhibits glandular secretions?

Back 14

anticholinergics

Front 15

which type of drug blocks the release of histamines?

Back 15

anticholinergics

Front 16

name some adverse effects of anticholinergics

Back 16

cough, dry mouth, paradoxical broncho-constriction, renal problems

Front 17

which type of drug does not alter mucociliary clearance? sympathomimetics or anticholinergics

Back 17

anticholinergics

Front 18

indication for use of methylxanthines

Back 18

long acting bronchodilatior for asthma and COPD

Front 19

what is the mode of action for methylxanthines

Back 19

inhibition of phosphodiesterase, antagonism of adenosine, catecholamine release, relax smooth airway muscle, inhibit glandular secretions, retard release of allergic mediators, improve respiratory muscle contractilitly and endurance

Front 20

name some adverse effects of methylxanthines

Back 20

Increase heart rate & strenth of contraction. Arrhythmias, dialation of vessels except cerebral vessels. increased GI tract motility, diuretic, CNS and skeletal muscle stimulation

Front 21

parasympathomimetic

Back 21

mimicks the PSNS, also called cholinergics. act by stimulating the nicotinic or muscarinic receptors, or by inhibiting cholinesterase, promoting ACh release.

Front 22

parasympatholytic

Back 22

also called anti-cholinergics. blocks the PSNS. increase heart rate, reduce mucous production, bronchlialation

Front 23

Sympathomimetic

Back 23

mimic effects of epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine. mimics the SNS

Front 24

cholinergic

Back 24

means "related to ACh" Cholinergic drugs are medications that produce the same effects as the PSNS

Front 25

what are the two types of anticholinergic drugs?

Back 25

antimuscarinic & antinicotinic

Front 26

anticholinergic

Back 26

means "blocking the effects of ACh" Synonym: parasympatholytic.

Front 27

Adrenergic

Back 27

Having effects similar to those of epinephrine

Front 28

name two types of Adrenergic antagonist

Back 28

alpha blockers and beta blockers

Front 29

antiadrenergic

Back 29

antagonizes the effects of the SNS

Front 30

Synonym for cholinergic

Back 30

parasympathomimetic

Front 31

Synonym for sympatholytic

Back 31

anticholinergic

Front 32

Synonym for sympathomimetic

Back 32

adrenergic

Front 33

Synonym for sympatholytic

Back 33

antiadrenergic

Front 34

Synonym for adrenergic

Back 34

sympathomimetic

Front 35

ATP is broken down into...

Back 35

cAMP

Front 36

what is the catyalist for the break down of ATP into cAMP?

Back 36

adenyl cyclase

Front 37

cAMP is broken down into..

Back 37

3,5 cAMP

Front 38

an increase in 3,5 cAMP results in...

Back 38

bronchodilation, inhibition of chemical mediators and reduced hyperresponsiveness

Front 39

cAMP inhibits intracellular ___ release which decreases sensitivity of contractile proteins

Back 39

Ca++

Front 40

inhibition of of intracellular Ca++ will cause smooth muscles to ___.

Back 40

relax

Front 41

indication for use of a SABA

Back 41

relaxation of airway which happens in 5-15min. relief for acute airflow obstruction

Front 42

indication for use of a LABA

Back 42

maintenance bronchodilation and nocturnal symptoms

Front 43

LABA's are usually combined with ...

Back 43

antiinflammatory drugs

Front 44

name the three most abundant Catecholamines

Back 44

epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine

Front 45

Catecholamine mimic the action of

Back 45

epinephrine. they mimic or active the SNS

Front 46

brand name for racemic epinephrine

Back 46

vaponefrin

Front 47

racemic epinephrine stimulates which receptors

Back 47

strong alpha, mod beta 1 and mild beta 2

Front 48

how quickly does racemic epinephrine start working?

Back 48

3-5 min

Front 49

how long does racemic epinephrine last?

Back 49

30min to an hour

Front 50

what is the doseage for racemic epinephrine?

Back 50

.25-0.5 ml of 2.25% Q1-2 hr

Front 51

what are the indications for use of racemic epinephrine?

Back 51

decongestant for bronchial and vascular congestion, croup, bronchiolitis, post extubation and laryngitis

Front 52

which receptors does albuterol stimulate

Back 52

strong beta-2 minimal bata-1

Front 53

how quickly does albuterol work?

Back 53

15min

Front 54

how long does albuterol last?

Back 54

3-6 hours

Front 55

qid

Back 55

take 4 times daily

Front 56

tid

Back 56

take 3 times daily

Front 57

what is the doseage for albuterol in MDI and DPI form

Back 57

qid (4 times daily)

Front 58

what is the doseage for albuterol in pill form

Back 58

2 or 4 mg tid or qid.
4 or 8 mg q12

Front 59

what is the doseage for albuterol in syrup form

Back 59

2mg/5ml tid, qid

Front 60

name some brand names of albuterol

Back 60

accuneb, proventil, ventolin, proventil HFA, volmax, salbutamol

Front 61

what is the brand name for pirbuterol

Back 61

maxair

Front 62

which receptor sites are stimulated by pirbuterol

Back 62

strong beta-2, minimal beta-1

Front 63

how quickly does pirbuterol start working?

Back 63

5min

Front 64

pirbuterol is avalable in __ form only.

Back 64

MDI

Front 65

what is the doseage for pirbuterol

Back 65

235 mcg 2 puffs qid

Front 66

what is the brand name for salmeterol

Back 66

serevent

Front 67

which receptor sites are stimulated by salmeterol

Back 67

strong beta-2 minimal beta-1

Front 68

how quickly does salmeterol start working?

Back 68

20min

Front 69

how long does salmeterol last

Back 69

12hrs

Front 70

what is the MDI doseage for salmeterol

Back 70

21 mcg

Front 71

what is the DPI doseage for salmeterol

Back 71

47 mcg

Front 72

name the adrenergic broncholdilator that only uses the R-isomer instead of both R and S-isomers

Back 72

levalbuterol (Xopenex)

Front 73

receptor stimulation for fomoterol

Back 73

strong beta-2

Front 74

indications for use of fomoterol

Back 74

maintenance in adults and children>5

Front 75

doseage for fomoterol

Back 75

capsule: 12mcg placed in aerolizer

Front 76

how quickly does fomoterol start working

Back 76

2-3min

Front 77

what is the duration of fomoterol?

Back 77

12hrs

Front 78

what is the brand name for aformoterol tartrate

Back 78

brovana

Front 79

receptor stimulation with aformoterol tartrate

Back 79

selective beta-2 adrenergic

Front 80

doseage for aformoterol tartrate

Back 80

nebulizer 2ml unit = to 15mcg

Front 81

what is the onset of aformoterol tartrate

Back 81

7min

Front 82

how long does aformoterol tartrate last

Back 82

12hrs

Front 83

list some adverse effects of long acting beta-2 adrenergic agonists

Back 83

palpitations, chest pain, tachycardia, tremor, nervousness

Front 84

adrenergic agonists should not be used on a regular basis in hig amounts without concurrent use of ___

Back 84

antiinflammatories

Front 85

use adrenergic agonists with caution in patients with

Back 85

coronary insufficiency, cardia arrhythmias, hypertension, MAO inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants

Front 86

adrenergic agonists are conterindicated for people receiving ...

Back 86

beta blockers

Front 87

urticaia

Back 87

(hives) commonly caused by an allergic reaction

Front 88

which type of bronchodilators are sometimes given to increase strength and endurance of respiratory muscles?

Back 88

methylxanthines or called xanthines

Front 89

what is the brand name for methylxanthines

Back 89

theophyline

Front 90

what is a good serum level of theophyline

Back 90

8-12 mg/ml

Front 91

which type of bronchodilator prevents bronchoconstriction as oposed to causing bronchodialation?

Back 91

anticholinergic

Front 92

which type of bronchodilator inhibits glandular secretions

Back 92

anticholinergic

Front 93

which type of bronchodilator increases mucus secretions

Back 93

sympathomimetics (adrenergics)

Front 94

what is a brand name for ipratropium bromide

Back 94

atrovent

Front 95

ipratropium bromide has what kind of effect on mucociliary clearance

Back 95

no effect

Front 96

ipratropium bromide mostly effects which size airways

Back 96

large

Front 97

onset of ipratropium bromide (atrovent)

Back 97

15min

Front 98

doseage of ipratropium bromide (atrovent)

Back 98

MDI 2 puffs qid

Front 99

what is combivent

Back 99

a combination of atrovent and albuterol 2 puffs qid

Front 100

what is a brand name for tiotropium bromide

Back 100

spiriva

Front 101

which type of bronchodilator prevents bronchoconstriction as oposed to causing bronchodialation?

Back 101

anticholinergic

Front 102

which type of bronchodilator inhibits glandular secretions

Back 102

anticholinergic

Front 103

which type of bronchodilator increases mucus secretions

Back 103

sympathomimetics (adrenergics)

Front 104

what is a brand name for ipratropium bromide

Back 104

atrovent

Front 105

ipratropium bromide has what kind of effect on mucociliary clearance

Back 105

no effect

Front 106

ipratropium bromide mostly effects which size airways

Back 106

large

Front 107

onset of ipratropium bromide (atrovent)

Back 107

15min

Front 108

doseage of ipratropium bromide (atrovent)

Back 108

MDI 2 puffs qid

Front 109

what is combivent

Back 109

a combination of atrovent and albuterol 2 puffs qid

Front 110

what is a brand name for tiotropium bromide

Back 110

spiriva

Front 111

what is the onset for tiotropium bromide(spiriva)

Back 111

30min

Front 112

how long does tiotropium bromide(spiriva) last

Back 112

24hrs

Front 113

indication for tiotropium bromide (spiriva)

Back 113

maintinance of COPD

Front 114

doseage of tiotropium bromide(spiriva)

Back 114

capsule dry powder inhalation 18mcg

Front 115

name two anticholinergic bronchodilators

Back 115

ipratropium bromide(atrovent), tiotropium bromide(spiriva)

Front 116

name some adrenergic(sympathomimetic) bronchodilators

Back 116

racemic epinephrine(vaponefrin), albuterol, pirbuterol(maxair), salmeterol (serevent), levalbuterol(xopenex), fomoterol(foradil), aformoterol tartrate (brovana)