Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What do first generation antihistamines do?
|
Prevent the effects of histamine by occupying H1 histamine receptor sites
|
|
|
The name brand of diphenhydramine.
|
Benadryl
*note-this is from the ethanolamine class of first generation antihistamines |
|
|
The 3 classes of first generation antihistamines?
|
Ethanolamine, Alkylamines, Phenothiazides
*Note these prevent the effects of histamine by occupying H1 histamine receptor sites |
|
|
The name brand of chlorpheniramine
|
Chlor-Trimeton
|
|
|
The name brand of promethazine
|
Phenergan
Note* this is a phenothiazide (so is hydroxyzine) |
|
|
The brand name of hydroxyzine
|
Vistaril
or Atarax *note-this is from the class Phenothiazides of first gen. Antihistamines |
|
|
What 6 reasons can you have for using first generation antihistamines?
|
Rhinitis, common cold, allergic responses; insomnia, nausea, vomitting
|
|
|
Side Effects of first generation Antihistamines?
usual doses? high doses? |
Usual doses:
CNS-drowsiness, blurred vision, High doses: CNS stimulation Phenothiazines: convulsive seizure; GI- dry mouth GU--urinary retention |
|
|
Sedatives like opioids, alcohol, and anesthesia increase or decrease the sedation caused by first gen antihistamines?
|
Increase
|
|
|
Second Generation antihistamins do what?
|
prevent the effects of histamine by occupying H1 histamine receptor sites
|
|
|
What are the second generation antihistamine drugs?
|
loratadine (Clariton)
cetirizine (Zyrtec) fexofenadine (Allegra) |
|
|
What are the uses of second generation antihistamine drugs?
|
Rhinitis, common cold, allergic responses; Insomnia, nausea, vomiting
*Note-these are the SAME as first generation |
|
|
Side Effects of second generation Antihistamines?
|
Minimal sedation, few effects on psychomotor activity or bladder function
|
|
|
What is the difference between first and second generation antihistamines?
|
The main difference between them is the first generation antihistamines tend to cause more drowsiness, dry mouth, and dry eyes compared to the second.
|
|
|
Name brand of loratadine
|
Clariton
2nd gen antihist |
|
|
name brand of Cetirizine
|
Zyrtec
2nd gen antihist--generic name begins with what Zyrtec ends with |
|
|
name brand of fexofenadine
|
Allegra
2nd gen antihistamine |
|
|
Decongestant--3 classes of:
|
Pseudoephedrine (sudafed)
Nasal sprays: Oxymetozoline (dristan) Phenylephrine (neo-synephrine) |
|
|
Examples of Nasal spray decongestants
|
oxymetozoline-Dristan
phenylephrine- Neo-synephrine |
|
|
what do decongestants do?
|
1. stimulate adrenergic receptors on blood vessels
2. promote vasoconstricion 3. reduce nasal edema and rhinorrhea |
|
|
What do you use decongestants for?
|
rhinitic, common cold
|
|
|
What are the side effects of decongestants?
|
CNS stimulation--insomnia, excitation, headache, irritability, increased blood and ocular pressure, dysuria, palpatations, tachycardia
nasal sprays rebound nasal congestions. |
|
|
what are the classes of Antitussives
|
1. opioid-->Codeine, hydrocodone
2. non-opioid-->dextromethrophan 3. other- Benzonatate (Tessolon Perles) |
|
|
What are the actions of opioid antitussives?
|
suppression of caugh center in medulla; drying effect, analgesia
|
|
|
what are the actions of non-opioid antitussives?
|
suppression of cough center in the medulla; drying effect
NOTE- same as opioid but without analgesia |
|
|
What are the actions of non-opioid, non-non-opioid antitussives (aka the "other" ones)
|
anesthetizing stretch receptors which prevents stimulation of cough center in medula
|
|
|
What are you doing if you administer Tessolon Perles?
|
you anesthetize stretch receptors which prevents stimulation of cough center in medula
**This is for suppression of a non productive cough |
|
|
when you give a patient dextromethrophan you are doing what?
|
suppressing cough center in the medulla; drying effect
NOTE- same as opioid but without analgesia for the purpose of suppressing a non productive cough |
|
|
If you want to suppress a non productive cough, what would you administer?
|
an antitussive such as codeine, hydrocodone, dextromethrophan, or benzonatate
|
|
|
What are the side effects of opioid antitussives, codeine and hydrocodone?
|
sedation, nausea, vomiting, constipation
|
|
|
what are the side effects of non opioid antitussive dextromethrophan
|
dizziness, drowsiness, nausea
|
|
|
what are the side effects of the "other" antitussive, benzonatate (Tessolon Perles)
|
dizziness, headache, sedation, nausea, constipation, nasal congestion, pruritis
|
|
|
What are the bronchodilator drugs?
|
albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin, etc.)
epinephrine (to counter allergic reactions) ex. Adrenalin, Primatenes, Bronkaid **Primatenes is not a good way to bronchodilate (according to ms. ott) isoproterenol (Isuprel) ipratropium (Atrovent) |
|
|
What are the side effects of the bronchodilator drugs?
|
Cardiac stimulation, tremor, vascular headaches.
|
|
|
Name the rescue inhaler bronchodilators-generic name and the 2 brand names
|
albuterol- Proventil, Ventolin
|
|
|
What is the action of rescue Bronchodilators, aka. albuterol
|
beta-adrenergic agonists
selective beta 2 agonists stimulate beta 2 (respiratory) receptors |
|
|
What is the action of over the counter drug bronchodilators, aka epinephrine?
|
non-selective adrenergic
stimulate alpha, beta 1 (cardiac) and beta 2 receptors (respiratory) |
|
|
What is the action of bronchodilator, isoproterenol?
|
non selective beta adrenergic stimulate both beta 1 and beta 2 receptors
|
|
|
What is the action of Atrovent?
|
it's and anticholenergic that will dry up the mouth and prevent bronchial constriction
|
|
|
What would you use albuterol for?
|
to relax bronchial smooth muscles and dilation of bronchia by an increase in cAMP
|
|
|
What would you use epinephrine for?
|
to counter allergic reactions by vasoconstriction causing a reduction in edema and increased heart rate and force of contraction
|
|
|
What is the generic name of Isuprel and what would you use it to do?
|
isoproterenol and you would use it for bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and dilation, and dilation of arterioles in skeletal muscles
|
|
|
What bronchodilator has anticholenergic action and is used to prevent bronchial constriction and broncial spasms by preventing the release of neurotransmitter acetylcholine ACh
|
ipratropium, Atrovent
|
|
|
what are the side effects of albuterol, epinephrine, isoproterenol, and ipratropium
|
cardiac stimulation, tremor, vascular headaches
|
|
|
give three generic names of inhaled corticosteroids
|
1. beclomethasone (Beclovent, Vanceril)
2. dexamethasone sodium phosphate (Decadrone Phosphate Respilhaler) 3.fluticosone (Flonase, Flovent) |
|
|
brand name of beclomethasone
|
Beclovent or Vanceril
|
|
|
brand name of dexamethasone sodium phosphate
|
Decadron Phosphate Respihaler
|
|
|
brand name of fluticosone
|
Flonase
Flovent |
|
|
the action of inhaled corticosteriods
|
reduce inflammation and therefore decrease airway obstruction
|
|
|
what are the uses of Flonase?
|
phrophylactic treatment to prevent attacks or airway obstruction
|
|
|
What are the uses of inhaled corticosteroids
|
phrophylactic treatment to prevent attacks or airway obstruction
|
|
|
the side effects of inhaled corticosteriods
|
pharyngeal irritation
coughing dry mouth oral fungal infections |
|
|
what cautions must you take with inhaled corticosteriods
|
drug allergy cautions
|
|
|
what routes can you use for inhaled corticosteriods
|
inhaled or nasal sprays
|
|
|
what are the nursing actions for inhaled corticosteroids
|
Keep MDI clean,
rinse mouth after use DO NOT USE for acute asthma attack |
|
|
What are the actions of mucolytics
|
Enzyme breaks down mucoproteins and decreases the viscosity of mucous--reduces mucous
|
|
|
list the generic and brand name of a mucolytic drug
|
acetylcysteine, Mucomyst
|
|
|
What would you use Mucomyst for?
|
mobilize secretions;
as an antidote for acetaminophen poisoning |
|
|
How would you administer acetylcysteine?
|
nebulizer, PO, IV
|
|
|
what cautions would you take for mucolytics and why?
|
you would use it with a bronchodilator because side effects include bronchospasm, nausea, hemoptysis, and vomiting
|
|
|
What nursing actions must be taken with acetylcysteine?
|
keep patient well hydrated and humidified, have suction equipment available
|
|
|
What action do mast cell stablilizers do?
|
stabilize the cell membranes of mast cels, monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils
|
|
|
What are cromolyn, and nadocromil?
|
they are mast cell stabilizers
|
|
|
the brand name of 1. cromolyn and 2. nadocromil
|
1. Nasalcrom, opticron, and gastocrom
2. Tilade |
|
|
what would you use a drug like Nasalcrom or Tilade for?
|
Prophylaxis of asthma attacks, useful for exercise-induced bronchospasm
|
|
|
What are the ways to administer Nasalcrom?
|
Nasal spray, nebulizer, MDI
|
|
|
How do you administer Tilade?
|
MDI
|
|
|
What cautions would you take with mast cell stabilizers?
|
drug allergy
|
|
|
Side effects of cromolyn or nadocromil?
|
coughing, sore throat, rhinitis, dizziness, headache
|
|
|
Nursing actions to be used with Nasalcrom?
|
caution the patient to not use for acute attack, use as directed
|
|
|
Leukotrine Modifiers have the action of
|
blocking action of leukotrine which are molecules that are released in response to allergen
|
|
|
the three generic drugs that are leukotrine modifiers
|
1. montelukast (Singulair)
2. zafirlukast (Accolate) 3. zyleuton (Zyflo) |
|
|
generic name of Singulair
|
montelukast
|
|
|
generic name of Accolate
|
zafirlukast
|
|
|
generic name of Zyflo
|
zyleuton
|
|
|
1. montelukast (Singulair)
2. zafirlukast (Accolate) 3. zyleuton (Zyflo) Why would you use these? |
block inflammation process in asthma
|
|
|
how would you administer leukotrine modifiers?
|
PO
|
|
|
Caution to be used with SIngulair?
|
drug allergy
|
|
|
Side effects of Accolate?
|
headaches, nausea, diarrhea, can lead to liver dysfunction
|
|
|
the nurse would caution the patient when taking other drugs and inform patient to be sure health provider knows all their medications when taking these drugs...
|
leukotrine modifiers...such as
1. montelukast (Singulair) 2. zafirlukast (Accolate) 3. zyleuton (Zyflo) |
|
|
Methylxantine derivatives--list 2 of them
|
Aminophylline
Theophylline |
|
|
Methylxantine derivatives perform this action
|
the Xanthines inhibit the enxyme that normally breaks down cAMO
|
|
|
To relax bronchial smooth muscle and improve contractility of fatigued diaphragm muscle you would use one of these drugs
|
Aminophylline
Theophylline |
|
|
list the ways to administer the methylxantine derivatives-Aminophylline
Theophylline--what is the best way? |
IV, PO, elixir, sustained released tablets
**sustained released tablets are the best way |
|
|
what cautions must you take for methylxantine derivatives?
|
drug allergy, coronary heart disease, severe renal or **liver impairment
|
|
|
the side effects of methylxantine derivatives
|
*children and cigarette smokers require higher doses to maintain therapeutic blood level (dont ask me how this is a side effect)
|
|
|
nursing actions to be take with Aminophylline
Theophylline |
make sure they are taken with a full glass of water or food; to decrease GI irritation avoid caffeine
|
