Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Name the class: Diphenhydramina, Dimenhydrinate, Chlorpheniramine
|
1st generation H1 blockers
|
|
|
What is the mechanism H1 blockers?
|
Reversible inhibition of H1 histamine receptors
|
|
|
What is the clinical use of 1st generation H1 blockers?
|
Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid
|
|
|
Name the class: Loratadine, Fexofenadine, Desloratadine, Cetirizine
|
2nd generation H1 blockers
|
|
|
What is the clinical use of 2nd generation H1 blockers?
|
Allergy
|
|
|
What is the difference in side effects/ toxicity between 1st and 2nd generation H1 blockers?
|
Both: antimuscarinic, anti-alpha-adrenergic, but 2nd generation has far less sedation effect compared to 1st generation due to decreased entry into CNS
|
|
|
What class is isoproterenol?
|
Asthma drug: nonspecific beta-agonist
|
|
|
What class are albuterol and salmeterol?
|
Asthma drug: beta2-agonists
|
|
|
What class is theophylline?
|
Asthma drug: methylxanthine
|
|
|
What class is ipratropium?
|
Asthma drug (also COPD): muscarinic antagonist
|
|
|
What class are beclomethasone and prednisone?
|
Asthma drug: corticosteroids
|
|
|
What class are zileuton, zarfilukast, and montelukast?
|
Astham drug: antileukotrienes
|
|
|
What is the mechanism of non-specific beta-agonist asthma drugs and what is the adverse side effect?
|
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (beta2); tachycardia
|
|
|
What is the mechanism and side effects of beta2 agonist asthma drugs?
|
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (beta2); Salmeterol: tremor and arrhythmia
|
|
|
What is the mechanism and side effects of methylxanthines?
|
Bronchodilates by inhibiting phosphodiesterase, therefore decreasing cAMP hydrolysis; narrow therapeutic index (cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity), metabolized by P-450
|
|
|
What is the mechanism and of muscarinic antagonists?
|
Competive block of muscarinic receptors, which prevents bronchoconstriction
|
|
|
What is the mechanism of cromolyn steroids?
|
Prevents release of mediators from mast cells
|
|
|
What is the mechanism of corticosteroids?
|
Inhibits synthesis of almost all cytokines by inactivating NF-kB
|
|
|
What is the mechanism of Zileuton?
|
5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor that blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes
|
|
|
What is the mechanism of Zafirlukast and Montelukast?
|
Block leukotriene receptors.
|
|
|
What asthma drug(s) should you use in an acute attack?
|
Albuterol
|
|
|
What drug(s) are best to use for aspirin-induced asthma?
|
Zafirlukast, montelukast
|
|
|
What drug(s) are the 1st line therapies for chronic asthma?
|
Beclomethasone, prednisone
|
|
|
What drug(s) are used for asthma prophylaxis?
|
Salmeterol, Cromolyn steroids
|
|
|
What is Guafenesin (Robitussin) use for?
|
Expectorants: removes excess sputum but large doses necessary; does not suppress cough reflex
|
|
|
What is the use of N-acetylcysteine in the respiratory context?
|
Expectorant: mucolytic --> can loosen mucous plugs in CF patients
|
