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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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There are two generations of H1 blockers.
What is the main difference? |
1st generation can make you sleepy b/c more enterance into CNS.
2nd generation doesn't |
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Diphenhydramine (benadryl)
dimenhydrinate chlorpheniramine what kinds of drugs are these? |
1st generation H1 blockers
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Clinical use of H1 blockers first generation?
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allergy, motion sickness, OTC sleep aid
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What are some side effects of 1st generation antihistamines when using them for allergies?
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Sedation
Antimuscuranic, anti alpha adregernic |
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Loratadine
Fexofenadine Desloratadine Cetirizine (claritin, allegra, zertex, etc.) What kind of drugs are these? |
2nd generation H1 blockers
No sedation. Used mainly for allergies |
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Asthma drugs:
Name the beta agonists (what kind of SE would you see?) |
Albuterol = acute use
Salmeterol, formoterol = chronic use (long acting) SE for both would be tremors, arrhythmia, etc. (due to beta1 activation on heart) |
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Asthma Drugs:
Methylxanthines (Theophlline) |
Inhibits phosphodiesterase (increases cAMP) --> BRONCHODILATION
Many side effects (heart and neuro stuff). Not really used. |
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For Theophylline overdose, what can you use as an antidote?
What drug's action does Theophylline block? |
Use beta blockers.
Theophlline blocks action of adenosine |
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Asthma Drugs:
Muscarinic Antagonists- Ipratropium |
Prevents Bronchoconstriction.
Can be used for COPD |
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Asthma Drugs:
Corticosteroids - Beclomethasone, fluticasone MOA |
Inhibit the synthesis of mainly all cytokines (TNFalpha)
First line therapy for chronic asthma |
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What is NFkB?
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It is a transcription factor which induces the production of THFalpha
Thus steroids inhibit that transcription factor |
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What is the first line therapy for chronic asthma?
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Inhaled steroids
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Asthma drugs: Antileukotrienes
Motelukast, Zafirlukast Zileuton What is the difference in thier MOA? |
Zileuton: 5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibit (blockers conversion of aracadonic acid to leukotrines)
Montelukast and zafirlukast: block leukotriene receptors |
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What is a good DOC for aspirin induced asthma?
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Montelukast and zafirlukast
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What is the difference in age usage for Montelukast and zafirlukast?
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Zafirlukast: use for 5+ yr old
Montelukast: use for 1+ yr old |
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Asthma drugs
Cromolyn MOA |
stabalize the mast cells (don't degranulate)
propholaxis asthma use |
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Asthma drugs:
Omalizumab MOA and clinical use |
Monoclonal anti-IgE antibody
Used in allergic asthma resistant to inhaled steroids and beta agonists |
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Guaifenesin
What is it? |
It thins respiratory secretions (makes it watery)
(probably not important) |
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N-acetylcysteine
MOA? Clinical use? |
Can loosen mucous plugs in CF pt.
Antidote for acitometaphen toxicity (increases Glutathione!) |
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Bosentan + Ambrisentan
MOA + clinical use |
Antagonize endoethelin 1 receptors
Used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension |
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Dextromethorphan
Clinical use? |
Synthetic codeine (mild opoid effect if used a lot).
Antitussive (prevents coughing) |
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How can you treat Dextromethorphan overdose?
Is there addiction potential? |
Mild addiction potential
Naloxone (remember, it is an OPIOID!) |
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MOA of pseduephedrine and pheylephrine?
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alpha agonists!
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Phenylephrine and Pseudoephedrine
Clinical use |
Reduce hyperemia, edema, and nasal congestion*
pseudoephedrine can be used as an stimulant |
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Side effects associated with the nasal decongestants (phenylephrine, pseduoephedrine)
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Hypertension
(CNS stimulation/anxiety for pseduephedrine) |
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Methacholine
MOA and clinical use? |
Muscarinic receptor agonist.
Used in asthma challenge testing |
