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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Albuterol
class? MOA? adverse? contra? |
-bronchodilator, b2 agonist
-oral, parenteral, inhalation (best), action 3-12hrs; prototype of short acting drug used "as needed", phrophylactic -dose related muscle tremor, palpitation, metabolic effects, tolerance -cardiac dz, seizures, elderly, hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma |
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Salmeterol
class? MOA? adverse? contra? |
-bronchodilator, b2 agonist
-reverses bronchoconstriction, LABA (long acting drugs) >12hrs (prototype), never use alone combine with ICS, "as needed" for COPD -dose related muscle tremor, palpitation, metabolic effects, tolerance -cardiac dz, seizures, elderly, hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma |
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Aminophylline
Theophylline class? MOA? uses? adverse? contra? |
-bronchodilator; methylxanthines (related to caffeine)
-oral + parenteral, rapidly absorbed, hepatic metabolism (MONITOR plasma!), several mechanisms -acute/chronic asthma, COPD, apnea in preterm infants, cheyne strokes respiration -anorexia, N/V, hyperthermia, tinnitus, precoridal pain, seizures, rhabdomyolysis -arrhythmias, peptic ulcer dz, liver cirrhosis, insomnia, elderly |
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Ipratropium
class? MOA? uses? adverse? |
-bronchodilator, anticholinergic (muscarinic receptor antagonist)
-quaternary ammonium derivative of atropine, nasal + inhalational, slow action onset; 6-8hrs, competes with ACh, blocks contraction and mucus secretion -choice of drug for COPD, rhinorrhea -bronchoconstriction bc of M2 ACh release inhibition, urinary retention, dry mouth |
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Tiotropium
class? MOA? uses? adverse? |
-bronchodilator, anticholinergic (selective M1, M3 receptor ACh competitive inhibitor)
-blocks contraction and mucus secretion from vagal stimulation; long acting ~24 hrs (inhalation) -asthma, choice for COPD, rhinorrhea -urinary retention, dry mouth |
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Corticosteroids
oral? parenteral? ICS use? adverse? |
-prednisolone, prednisone
-hydrocortisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone -BBCHFFMT; use for persistent asthma, should be combined with B2 agonist when its needed >2x weekly; modifies inflammatory process and prevents structural changes NOT bronchodilator -ICS (due to deposition in oropharynx)- hoarseness, dysphonia, COPD pneumonia, candidiasis |
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Cromolyn
Nedocromil class? MOA? uses? adverse? |
-Chromone derivatives (insoluble salts)
-alters func of plasma membrane bound delayed Cl channels -prophylaxis for antigen and exercise induced asthma, symptom control for perennial asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, GI allergy -localized to deposition site, throat irritation, myositis, dermatitis, pulm infiltrates |
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Montelukast
class? MOA? uses? adverse? contra? |
-Leukotriene pathway inhibitor
-CysLT1 receptor antagonist- blocks LT mediated effects of airway edema, smooth m. contraction, pro-inflammatory cell activity -prophylaxis + chronic asthma, seasonal/perennial allergic rhinitis, exercise induced bronchospasm prophylaxis, reduces aspirin induced asthma -fever, inc liver enzymes, sinusitis, behavioral changes -use w conivaptan, deferasirox, pegIFN2b |
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Zafirlukast
class? MOA? uses? adverse? contra? |
-leukotriene pathway inhibitor
-antagonist of CysLT1 receptor; give oral on empty stomach -prophylaxis and tx of asthma in adults and kids >5, aspirin induced asthma -headache, pain, fever, N/V, eosinophilia, vasculitis -breastfeeding women, liver dz, use with warfarin, carvediol,erthromycin, pegIFN2b, theophylline |
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Omalizumab
class/MOA? uses? adverse? contra? |
-Monoclona IgG antibody; binds IgE to keep it from binding IgE receptors on mast cells and basophils
-moderate>severe persistent allergic asthma (that ICS doesn't really work for), improves symptoms of allergic rhinitis -headache, injection site, URTI, alopecia, AB formation to drug, Hypersensitivity rxn up to a yr later -acute bronchospasm, parasitic infections, kids <12, use with steroids, BCG vaccines, .... |
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Ambrisentan
class/MOA? uses? adverse? contra? |
-PAH; endothelin-1 antagonist at ETa receptors (ET1 vasoconstricts pulm smooth muscle and causes prostacyclin proliferation and NO release)
-tx PAH class I (with II, III sx), improves exercise, and dec rate of clinical deterioration -testicular atrophy, infertility, palpitation, abnormal liver func tests -prescribed by LEAP, hepatic impairment, preggos, use with conivaptan, grapefruit deferasirox, dasatinib |
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Bosentan
class/MOA? uses? adverse? contra? |
-PAH; ET-1 antagonist at ETa/b receptors
-tx PAH class 1 (w II, III, IV sx), improves exercise, dec clinical deterioration -testicular atrophy, infertility, resp tract inf, syncope, abnormal liver func test -preggo, Tracleer program prescription, use with lots of drugs |
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Epoprostenol
class/MOA? use? adverse? contra? |
-PAH; PGI2 agonist, IV infusion, induces pulm vasc smooth muscle relaxation by inc intracelullar cAMP, opposes TXA2, lowers pul arterial pressure
-tx PAH -ALOT -HF, pulm edema, bleeding disorders, use with anticoagulants, anti-HTN, antiplatelets |
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Sildenafil
class/MOA? use? adverse? contra? |
-PAH; inhibits PDE5, which degrades cGMP> enhances NO for smooth muscle relaxation
-PAH group 1, ED -color vision, hearing changes, hypotension, priapism, pulm edema, myalgia -use with nitrates, alpha agonists, protease inhib, bosentan, antifungal azoles, ... |
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Tadalafil
class/MOA? uses? adverse? contra? |
-PAH; inhibits PDE5>inc cGMP to enhance NO
-PAH group1, ED -chest pain, color vision, GERD.. -nitrates, alpha blockers, penis deformation, grapefruit, ... |
