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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why do people with hypoventilation get respiratory acidosis?
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Because they can't get rid of extra pCO2, so the CO2 binds with water (H2O) and creates an excess of carbonic acid.
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Impaired transport of O2 across the alveolar membrane affects
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The diffusion capacity of the membrane
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The diffusion capacity of the membrane is affected by?
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a. Surface area available and b. thickness of membrane.
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Atelactasis, Pneumonia, Mucus in airways, COPD and pulmonary edema are all examples of what type of unit?
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Shunt unit
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How does the body compensate for alveolar hypoxia?
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Pulmonary capillary vasoconstriction. The vasoconstriction shunts blood to well ventilated areas.
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Blood loss, Decreased production of RBCs, Decreased iron intake all lead to what condition?
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anemia
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Why can Carbon Monoxide poisoning be lethal?
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Because CO binds to the same sites on Hgb as O2. Hgb wants to bind to CO 210 times as much as O2 (high affinity for CO)
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Why would oximetry be useless in determining carbon monoxide poisoning?
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Oximetry does not differentiate between normal Hgb and abnormal (bound to CO instead of O2).
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What would oximetry read for carbon monoxide poisoning? P02?
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normal. Also normal
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What decreases Hemoglobin concentration?
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Anemia, CO poisoning, etc.
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What could decrease levels of inspired O2?
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Breathing high altitude air, or breathing air from which O2 has been removed (fire, enclosed spaces, etc).
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Name three things ischemia could be caused by.
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1. Vasoconstriction.
2. Obstruction in blood vessel. 3. Decreased cardiac output. |
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Atherosclerosis (hardening) of iliac arteries leading to decreased blood flow to the legs is an example of what type of ischemia?
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local/regional
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Decreased perfusion of O2 to tissues, heart failure leading to decreased cardiac output, and hypovolemic shock are all examples of what type of ischemia?
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General systemic
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What is the earliest sign of hypoxia?
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change in behavior or level of consciousness (lethargy, confusion, etc.)
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What would happen to a patient's heart rate and BP if they were to become hypoxic?
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Early on, heart rate would be elevated, later BP would drop.
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Dyspnea, increased heart rate, and changes in behavior are all ____ signs of ______
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early signs of hypoxia.
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Decreased blood pressure and cyanosis are both ___ signs of ____
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late signs of hypoxia.
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Decreased urine output and decreased capillary refill are both signs of
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hypoxia.
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How would you treat for hypoxia/hypoxemia?
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1. Identify what is going on (i.e. why is the patient hypoxic?) Treat for cause.
2. Administer oxygen. |
