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241 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which respiratory condition in horses has intranuclear inclusion bodies?
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equine viral rhinopneumonitis
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What kind of pneumonia does feline chlamydiosis produce?
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mild interstitial pneumonia (feline pneumonitis)
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Gutteral pouch mycosis & metastatic neoplasms involving lymph glands cause nerve damage (compression/inflammation) resulting in what condition?
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laryngeal paralysis (roaring)
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What kind of bleeding can result from gutteral pouch mycosis?
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fatal bleeding
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In pulmonary _____, the lungs are wet, heavy and do not collapse when thorax is opened.
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edema
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Suppurative bronchopneumonia is characterized by a ______ pattern and a _____ appearance.
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lobular pattern
mosaic appearance |
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Fibrinous pneumonia is caused by what 3 pathogens in cattle?
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Mannhemia hemolytica (pneumonic pastuerellosis)
Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides Hemophilus somnus |
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T or F
Pasteurella multocida and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae cause fibrinous bronchopneumonia in sheep and goats. |
F - they cause it in pigs
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Mannhemia hemoltyica and ____ cause fibrinous bronchopneumonia in sheep & goats.
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Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides
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Septic embolic pneumonia can cause a foot lesion on a cow.
T or F |
True
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True or False:
Bovine pasteurellosis (hemorrhagic septicemia) is not found in North America. |
True
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What type of virus is OPP - Ovine Progressive Pneumonia in US sheep?
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lentivirus
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In _____ pneumopathy the lungs are gritty and do not collapse when the thorax is opened.
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uremic
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IBR primarily affects which type of cattle?
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feedlot cattle
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T or F
IBR can cause petechial - eccymotic hemorrhages & ulcers in larynx & trachea. |
T
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What is caused by Rhinosporidium in cat, dog, cow, horse & Cryptococcus neoformans in cats?
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nasal granulomas
(granulomatous rhinitis) |
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Which of the following is caused by Oestrus ovis (nasal bot) larvae when they invade lung tissue (esp sheep)?
a) nasal granulomas b) myiasis c) neoplasia d) asthma e) none of the above |
B
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Nasal granulomas in cats & dogs are d/t fungus.
T or F |
T
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What is a nasal passage carcinoma that is locally invasive that arises from the ethymoidal conchae in sheep & goats?
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endemic ethymoidal carcinoma
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Myiasis in sheep and goats causes what type of rhinitis?
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catarrhal to suppurative
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Equine viral rhinopneumonitis causes ulceration & necrosis of resp epithelium & edematous swelling of _____.
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pharyngeal LNs
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True or False
Lesions can be seen in the nasal passages of horses with equine influenza. |
F
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Equine viral arteritis causes
what kind of rhinitis? a) serous b) fibrinous c) mucopurulent (mpx) d) a & b e) a & c |
E
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Equine viral arteritis causes
______ degeneration of muscular arteries leading to hemorrhage in various tissues. |
fibrinoid
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Which horse resp problem causes suppurative rhinitis & mandibular & parapharyngeal lymphadenitis?
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strangles caused by Strep equi
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Which of the following causes ulcerative suppurative nodules in nasal cavity, lungs and skin of horses?
Hint: not found in the US and is ZOONOTIC to man (also in dogs) a) strangles b) equine viral arteritis c) glanders d) gutteral pouch mycosis e) none of the above |
C
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_______(pseudoglanders) is similar to glanders in horses, is only found in Oz, Europe, SE Asia and is zoonotic and affects most animals - farm animals, dogs, cats, rodents.
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meliodiosis
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______ in horses is a unilateral, single or bilateral & multiple growth on nasal or septum mucosa - made of chronic inflammatory lesions.
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nasal polyp
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Transitory rhinitis in dogs is caused by which of the following?
a) B. bronchiseptica b) E. coli c) P. multocida d) viruses:distemper, CAC, CHV e) all of the above |
E
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Linguatula serrrata is an arthropod found in dogs (humans & herbivores are abberant hosts. Adults live in the nasal passage and cause ______ inflammation.
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catarrhal
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T or F
Dogs with allergic rhinitis have profuse, serous nasal discharge & lacrimation caused by Type I hypersensitivy (pollen, allergens). |
T
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Which of the followind does NOT cause IN inclusion bodies?
a) IBR b) equine viral rhinopneumonitis c) FVR - feline virus rhinotracheitis d) equine viral arteritis e) inclusion body rhinitis |
d
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FVR - feline virus rhinotracheitis causes which of the following:
a) severe rhinitis b) conjuctivitis c) oculonasal discharge d) hepatic necrosis e) all of the above |
e
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Bacterial contamination with FVR can cause ______ rhinitis.
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suppurative
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When are IN inclusion bodies seen in the URT epithelium f cats with FVR?
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early phase of the dz
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FCV - feline calcivirus & FVR are very similar clinically. What features are used to DDx them?
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FVR - URT
FCV - ulcers on tongue & hard palate |
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_____ Syndrome is a acute self limiting arthritis d/t infection or vaccination with some FCV strains.
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Limping Kitten Syndrome
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Feline chlamydiosis causes which of the following?
a) mild interstitial pneumonia b) serous to mpx rhinitis c) mild conjuntivitis d) all of the above e) none of the above |
d
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Feline Resp Dz Complex is caused by ___ (URT inf & generalized dz), FVR, FCV.
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FIP
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Inclusion body rhinitis of pigs is caused by which of the following:
a) B. bronchiseptica b) Mycoplasma c) porcine cytomegalovirus (herpesvirus) d) P. multocida e) none of the above |
C
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T or F
Inclusion body rhinitis in pigs causes necrotizing & nonsuppurative lesions. |
T
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T or F
Inclusion body rhinitis in pigs has a high morbidity rate but low mortality. |
F - both high morbidity/mortality
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Inclusion body rhinitis causes sneezing, conjunctivitis and lacrimation that become mpx with bacterial infection in pigs up to what age?
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10 wks old
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What can cause retarded growth of snout, becoming short & concave & bending on side (most severely affected) in pigs?
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atrophic rhinitis
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How is atrophic rhinitis best diagnosed?
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by making a transverse section of snout b/w premolars 1 & 2
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________ causes rarefaction of turbinates leaving only a dense fibrinous band.
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atropic rhinitis
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Atropic rhinitis causes obstruction of nasolacrimal duct which causes _____ of the skin below the medial canthus of the eye.
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crusting
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_________ is a slow progressing dz (months) in pigs that czs dyspnea & death.
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atropic rhinitis
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T or F
Atropic rhinitis causes atrophy of conchae & in severe cases the pig may even be missing conchae. |
T
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T or F
Neoplasia of the nasal cavity in dogs, cats and horses is frequently malignant. |
True
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Neoplasia of the nasal cavity affects animals from most to least in which of the following orders?
a) cows> dogs> cats> pigs b) dogs> cats, horses> rare in other spp c) cows> dogs, cats> horses d) pigs> sheep> dogs> horses e) cats> horses> dogs> cows |
B
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Which are more common in nasal cavity neoplasia - sarcomas or carcinomas?
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carcinomas> sarcomas
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What must be DDx from nasal cavity neoplasia?
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nasal granulomas
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_______ exudates will be found in nasal passages if URT (general) infections are cz'd by parasites, tumors, FBs or fungal infections.
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blood tinged
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T or F
Atropic rhinitis can cz swelling of sinuses & facial distortion d/t tumors in pigs. |
T
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______ is the permanent abnormal dilation of segment of broncus.
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bronchiectasis
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In sheep, goats & pigs bronchiectasis is usually caused by ______.
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parasites
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What are the 2 types of bronchiectasis? Which type is more common?
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saccular & cylindrical (more common)
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T or F
Bronchiectasis always has an unfavorable outcome. |
T - "permanent" abnormal dilation
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_______ bronchiestasis is permanent abnormal dilation of entire length of bronchus.
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cylindrical
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_____ (less common form) bronchiectasis is the result of focal necrotizing bronchiolitis in cattle/sheep.
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saccular
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T or F
Obstruction d/t FB, tumor or granuloma can lead to bronchiectasis in all spp. |
T
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________ (calf diphtheria) causes dry, yellow necrotic areas on larynx and deep ulcers.
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necrotic laryngitis
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What is the sequel to necrotic laryngitis?
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death by toxemia or bronchopneumonia
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Which of the following is not listed as a clinical sign of necrotic laryngitis (calf diptheria)?
a) fever b) anorexia c) vomiting d) cough - moist & painful e) dyspnea |
C
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Fusobacterium necrophorum causes necrotic laryngitis (aka ________) in calves and sheep.
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calf diptheria
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________(roaring) is caused by paralysis of the L recurrent laryngeal nerve leading to atrophy of cricoarytenoid mm.
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laryngeal paralysis
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Laryngeal nerve paralysis is the result of nerve damage usually by compression or inflammation of nerve commonly caused by which of the following?
a) gutteral pouch mycosis b) retropharyngeal abscess c) metastatic neoplasms involving lymph glands d) injury & inflammatory lesions in neck e) all of the above |
E
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_________ affects race horses 2-3 yrs old and causes visible white foci on dorsolateral pharynx & on L palate.
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equine pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia
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In gutteral pouch mycosis, the mucosa of the gutteral pouch is covered with ______ exudate.
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fibronecrotic
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T or F
Gutteral pouch mycosis is caused by Aspergillus. |
T
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Which one of the following is not a sequel to gutteral pouch mycosis?
a) fatal bleeding b) erosion of internal carotid artery c) brain abscesses d) formation of thrombi & emboli e) all are correct |
e
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T or F
Gutteral pouch will not lead to laryngeal nerve paralysis. |
F
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The common name for gutteral pouch empyema in horses is ____.
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strangles
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______ is a syndrome in dogs comparable to allergic bronchitis is humans.
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asthma
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______ is a clinical syndrome in horses comparable to human allergic bronchitis.
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COPD
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T or F
COPD can cz overinflation of lungs. |
True
this was a Sharma sample question but is not in the notes |
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COPD can be cz'd by inhalation of _____ & _____.
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fungal spores & dust
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In severe cases, COPD can cause mucus accumulation leading to complete obstruction of bronchioles & alveoli resulting in _____.
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alveolar emphysema
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Which one of the following is not another name for COPD?
a) heaves b) breaking wind c) roaring d) chronic bronchiolar or alveolar emphysema e) chronic small airway dz |
c
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Canine infectious tracheobronchitis is a highly contagious infection in dogs that causes necrosis & suppuration in ________.
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tracheobronchi
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T or F
Canine infectious tracheobronchitis causes coughing bouts (dog normal b/w bouts), rhinitis, cainjunctivitis & pharyngitis. |
T
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Canine infectious tracheobronchitis is thought to be caused by which of the following?
a) influenza viruses b) adenoviruses c) B. bronchiseptica d) all of the above e) none of the above |
d
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What age range of cats does feline asthma affect?
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cats of all ages
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Feline asthma (feline allergic bronchitis)responds well to ____ therapy.
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steroid
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Feline asthma is a type I hypersensitivity rxn to all of the following except:
a) dog dander b) household materials c) cigarette smoke d) plants e) parasitic proteins |
a - cats wish they could say they were allergic to dogs
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Feline asthma with severe cases of chronic bronchitis can lead to obstruction of ____ (obstructive bronchitis)
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small bronchioles
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Moldy sweet potatoes, purple mint, rapeseed and kale all cause diffuse interstitial pneumonia & edema like _____ does.
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ABPE - acute bovine pulm edema
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Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (extrinsic allergic alveolitis) in cattle (esp calves) is caused by ____ (type III hypersens) & _____.
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moldy hay
lungworms |
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Hypersensitivity pneumonitis causes _______ pneumonia.
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interstitial
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What is the difference b/w atelectasis and emphysema?
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atelectasis is empty alveoli (no air)
emphysema is excess air in alveoli or tissues |
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Which of the following is NOT true regarding atelectasis in lung tissue?
a) lung tissue is dark red & flabby b) lung tissue is depressed below surface of surrounding lung c) lung tissue is homogenous dark red on x-section d) microscopically, alveoli walls are congested and in close opposition e) all are correct |
E
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What are the 2 types of acquired atelectasis? Which is more common?
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compressive
obstructive - more common |
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Which of the following is NOT a feature of obstructive atelectasis?
a) exudate b) bloat c) parasites d) neoplasms e) foreign material |
B - bloat is associated with compressive form
Note: neoplasms are assoc with both forms |
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Congenital atelectasis is caused by obstruction of airways d/t muconeum, aspirated amniotic fluid or ____ in foals and piglets.
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hyaline membrane disease
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Is bronchopneumonia with atelectasis obstructive or compressive?
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obstructive
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Which one of the following is NOT associated with compressive atelectasis?
a) pneumothorax b) parasites c) neoplasms d) bloat e) hydrothorax |
B - parasites are assoc with obstructive atelectasis
Note: neoplasms are assoc with both forms |
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What are the 2 types of emphysema and which is more common in cattle?
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alveolar
interstitial - cattle |
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What is the difference b/w alveolar & interstitial atelectasis?
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alveolar - excess air in alveoli
interstitial - air collects in CT of lungs - interalveolar septa, below the pleura, around bronchi & BV |
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Interstitial emphysema - ____ are thick, shiny and filled with bubbles.
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septa
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Which of the following is TRUE concerning interstitial emphysema?
a) dev under pressure of inhaled air b) are caused by incompletely closed bronchioles c) can be result of death a/f protracted illness d) caused by corrosive gas inhalation e) cause anaphylaxis in cows and horses |
c
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T or F
Interstitial emphysema can be the result of quick loss of blood thru trauma like the slaughter of a live animal. |
T
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T or F
Alveolar emphysema can develop under pressure of inhaled air or as result of incompletely closed bronchioles. |
T
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Emphysema causes emphysematous areas that are raised, dry, pale or white that are easily _____ with finger.
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compressed
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Emphysematous areas usually alternate with areas of ____.
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atelectasis
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What is the most common pulmonary abnormality?
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pulmonary edema
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Which of the following is NOT true regarding pulmonary edema?
a) lungs are wet, heavy and do not collapse when thorax is opened b) interlobular septa are edematous & distended c) foam & fluid mix in trachea & bronchi d) clear/colorless to slight orange fluid oozes from cut surface e) is usually fatal |
d - fluid is slight yellow not orange
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Regarding pulmonary edema, microscopically edema fluid stains faintly acidophilic and there are ____ in alveoli, interstitial tissue, around BV & airways.
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granules
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What are the 2 primary causes of pulmonary edema?
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increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
increased permeability of air-blood barrier |
|
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T or F
Regarding pulmonary edema, an increased capillary hydrostatic pressure can cause bilateral cardiac failure/cardiac edema. |
T
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Regarding pulmonary edema, increased permeability to air-blood-barrier is d/t corrosive gas inhalation, infectious agents, systemic toxins or ____ in horses/cattle.
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anaphylaxis
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All of the following are charcteristics of ARDS except for which one:
a) foci of coagulative necrosis encapsulate CT b) diffuse damage to alveolar wall epithelium &/or endothelium c) hyaline mb formation d) alveolar epi hyperplasia e) interstitial emphysema |
a - characteristic of fibrinous bronchopneumonia
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T or F
ARDS is a syndrome causing acute severe dyspnea, congestion & edema in all domestic animals. |
T
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All of the following are potential causes of ARDS EXCEPT:
a) systemic dzs b) cardiac dz c) direct injury to lungs d) lesions in other organs such as sepsis, multiple trauma & extensive burns e) pancreatitis |
B
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T or F
ARDS refers to the same thing in both humans and animals - acute resp distress syndrome. |
F - in humans the A stands for adult not acute
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Pulmonary hypertension causes all of the following EXCEPT:
a) vasoconstriction b) vascular obstruction c) inflammation of lungs d) vascular volume overload e) increased pressure to RV with compensatory RV hypertrophy, dilation & RHF |
c
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Pulmonary hypertension is almost always 2ndary to all the following EXCEPT:
a) cardiac dz b) septic defects c) L to R shunts d) lung dzs e) all of the above |
e
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Define pneumonia/pneumonitis.
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inflammation of the lungs
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What are the 4 types of pneumonia?
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bronchopneumonia
interstitial pneumonia embolic pneumonia granulomatous pneumonia |
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With bronchopneumonia where are the lesions distributed in the lungs?
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anterio-ventral lung
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T or F
Bronchopneumonia is most common in domestic animals and is of major economic importance. |
T
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What are the 3 primary causes of bronchopneumonia?
|
bacteria
mycoplasma aspiration of feed or gastric contents |
|
|
T or F
Infectious bronchopneumonia occurs when risk factors "tip the balance" - exposure, overcrowding, dehydration, other infections, chronic dz or stress. |
T
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Suppurative bronchopneumonia:
____ exudate in air passages ____ pattern ____ appearance ____ color/hepatization |
suppurative or mpx
lobular mosaic red & gray |
|
|
What part of the lung is most affected by suppurative bronchopneumonia?
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cranio-ventral
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Which of the following is NOT a complication of suppurative bronchopneumonia?
a) recovery by complete resolution b) death by toxemia & hypoxia c) metastatic abscessesin other organs d) may become chronic e) plugging of bronchi - atelectasis |
a
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|
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T or F
With severe forms of fibrinous bronchopneumonia, recovery is quick and not fatal. |
F - only with mild acute forms
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What is the primary cause of death with fibrinous bronchopneumnia?
|
pulm edema leading to death from resp failure
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Lesions of fibrinous bronchopneumonia are widely distributed & generally involve entire lung but may be more pronounced in the____ region. It starts out as ____ but involves part or complete lobe.
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dorso-caudal
lobular |
|
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Which has a more severe inflammatory response - suppurative or fibrinous bronchopneumonia?
|
fibrinous
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Foci of coagulative necrosis encapsulated by CT (_____) are common in fibrinous bronchopneumonia.
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sequestrum
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Fibrinous bronchopneumonia - accumulation of fibrin in interlobular septa has a ____ appearance.
|
marbled
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Where does the exudate of fibrin accumulate in fibrinous bronchopneumonia?
|
pleural surfaces
septa alveoli thoracic cavity |
|
|
T or F
The amoung of fibrin is an index of the degree of alveolar-capillary mb damage -this is a very acute change seen with fibrinous bronchopneumonia. |
T
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Which of the pathogens is NOT a cause of fibrinous bronchopneumonia?
a) Leptospira b) Mannhemia hemolytica c) Mycoplasma mycoides d) Pastuerella e) Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae |
a
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In fibrinous bronchopneumonia, the amount of fibrin is an important determinant of ____.
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fibrosis
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Which is more pronounced in the dorso-caudal region of the lungs - fibrinous bronchopneumonia or interstitial pneumonia?
|
they both are
|
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of interstitial pneumonia?
a) rib impressions on lungs b) lack of exudate in lungs c) lungs have a meaty appearance and are heavy, elastic or rubbery d) nodule clusters on pleura & peritoneum e) diffusely red to pale gray |
d - this is Pearl Dz seen with tuburculosis
|
|
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T or F
Interstitial pneumonia is an inflammatory process confined to alveolar walls & alveolar interstitium. |
T
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All of the following can cause hematogenous injury to alveolar capillaries resulting in interstitial pneumonia EXCEPT?
a) DM b) DIC c) E. coli d) Salmonella e) leptospira |
a
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|
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Kerosene ingestion in dogs is likely to cause what type of pneumonia?
|
interstitial pneumonia
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|
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Which of the following is NOT a cause of aerogenous injury to alveolar epi resulting in interstitial pneumonia?
a) gases, fumes b) dust c) viruses (distemper, pig flu) d) all of the above e) none of the above |
e - they are all causes
|
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All of the following are hallmarks of chronic interstitial pneumonia EXCEPT:
a) linear white streaks in parietal pleura over intercostal mm b) accumulation of mononuclear inflammatory cells in interstitium, alveoli and bronchi c) alveolar fibrosis d) persistent hyperplastic type II pneumocytes e) hyperplasia of smooth muscles in airways or pulmonary vasculature |
a - this is pleural calcification
|
|
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T or F
Distribution of granulomas depends on causative agent in embolic pneumonias and lung abscesses. |
T
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|
|
Microscopic granulomas are considered one of the hallmarks of chronic interstitial pneumonia.
|
T
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|
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Which of the following is NOT a source of septic emboli with embolic pneumonia & lung abscesses?
a) rupture or hepatic abscesses in cattle b) infected jugular catheter c) valvular endocarditis d) other localized lesions e) inhaled foreign material |
e
|
|
|
T or F
Metastatic spread from septic emboli arrested in pulmonary vessels are usually large and only 1 or 2, distributed in only one lung lobe. |
False - abscesses are small, multiple and widely distributed thru whole lung and are seen spreading from BV
|
|
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Embolic pneumonia and lung abscesses caused by bronchopneumonia are large, isolated and confined to the ____ part of the lung & can be seen extending from the ____.
|
anterio-ventral
bronchial tree |
|
|
Granulomatous pneumonia is a clinical term which includes all of the following EXCEPT:
a) bovine respiratory dz b) enzootic pneumonia of calves c) respiratory viral infections d) pneumonic pasteurellosis e) calf pneumonia |
a
Note: enzootic pneumonia of calves is the same thing as calf pneumonia |
|
|
Describe the granulomas seen with granulomatous pneumonia if they are NOT encapsulated.
|
soft, creamy, yellow to caseous gray
single or multiple |
|
|
Describe the granulomas seen with granulomatous pneumonia if they are encapsulated
|
hard
gritty white gray |
|
|
T or F
All of the following are causes of granulomatous pneumonia: - Mycobacterium - Rhodococcus - Coccidiodes - Blastomyces - Histoplasma - parasites - inhaled foreign material - inert (noninfectious) substances |
T
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Enzootic pneumonia of calves causes what type of pneumonia - fibrinous, interstitial or suppurative?
|
suppurative bronchopneumonia
|
|
|
T or F
With enzootic pneumonia in calves the morbidity and mortality are both high. |
F - high morbidity/low mortality
|
|
|
Enzootic pneumonia of calves is caused by which of the following:
a) Pasteurella b) H. somnus c) Actinomyces pyogenes d) Mycoplasma e) Rhodococcus |
E
|
|
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T or F
Enzootic pneumonia of calves is initially caused by viruses and later bacteria. |
T
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Shipping fever causes acute ____ bronchopneumonia.
|
suppurative & fibrinous
|
|
|
Which is NOT true about bovine pasteurellosis?
a) dz of feedlot cattle in US b) causes acute septicemia c) causes hemorrhages d) is caused by P. Multocida serotype B e) is caused by P. Multocida serotype E |
A - NOT FOUND IN N. AMERICA
|
|
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Which of the following is NOT part of the hemophilus dz complex?
a) TME b) septicemia c) nervous d) eye e) abortion f) arthritis g) anorexia |
g
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|
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Respiratory Hemophilosis (histophilosis) causes ____ or ____ bronchopneumonia - similar to pneumonic pasteurellosis (shipping/transit fever).
|
suppurative & fibrinous
|
|
|
Which is TRUE concerning contagious bovine pleuropneumonia?
a) caused by small colonies of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides b) cause fibrinous bronchopneumonia c) has been eradicated from North America d) all are true e) none ate true |
d
|
|
|
Mycobacterium bovis pneumonia causes ______ bronchopneumonia.
|
necrotizing
|
|
|
T or F
Mycobacterium bovis pneumonia only affects cattle in Europe and Oz. |
F - Europe & N. America (not Austrailia)
|
|
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Which of the following is NOT a feature of Mycobacterium bovis pneumonia:
a) emaciation b) moist cough c) emphysema d) dyspnea d/t enlarged bronchial LNs e) enlarged mediastinal LNs leading to bloat |
c
|
|
|
T or F
Mycobacterium spp are the primary cause of tuberculosis. |
T
|
|
|
When is the onset of clinical signs with tuberculosis?
|
10-14 days a/f moving to new pasture
|
|
|
Tuberculosis characteristics:
- dyspnea with ____ breathing - emphysema that may extend into SQ along the _____ |
oral
back |
|
|
What is the cause of Pearl dz - nodule clusters on pleura and peritoneum?
|
tuberculosis
|
|
|
Tuberculosis causes small caseated granulomas & large areas of caseation usually ______ part.
|
dorsal-caudal
|
|
|
What is APBE - acute bovine pulmonary edema aka in Britain?
|
Fog Fever
|
|
|
What causes ABPE?
|
forage change (new pasture) to lush grass high in L-tryptophane
|
|
|
L-tryptophane is toxic to type I _____, bronchial and endothelial cells.
|
pneumocytes
|
|
|
ABPE causes ______ interstitial pneumonia and edema.
|
diffuse
|
|
|
T or F
Parasitic pneumonia (verminous pneumonia) is common in calves and cz'd by Dictyocaulus viviparous that live in the intrapulmonary bronchi of caudal lung lobes. |
T
|
|
|
Parasitic pneumonia initial infection is acute leading to chronic condition of decreased weight gain, coughing and _____ pneumonia.
|
interstitial
|
|
|
What is the most economically important dz of pigs?
|
porcine enzootic pneumonia (mycoplasma pneumonia of swine)
|
|
|
T or F
Porcine enzootic pneumonia (mycoplasma pneumonia of swine) affects pigs worldwide of all ages. |
T
|
|
|
Porcine enzootic pneumonia (mycoplasma pneumonia of swine)initially causes ____ pneumonia & can progress to ____ pneumonia with bacterial contamination.
|
broncho-interstitial
suppurative |
|
|
What is the sequel to porcine enzootic pneumonia (mycoplasma pneumonia of swine)?
|
abscesses
pleural adhesions |
|
|
Porcine enzootic pneumonia (mycoplasma pneumonia of swine) can cause mild fibrinous _____.
|
pleuritis
|
|
|
T or F
Porcine enzootic pneumonia (mycoplasma pneumonia of swine) is caused by Mycoplasma mycoides. |
F - Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
|
|
|
What are the 2 manifestations of porcine pasteurellosis?
|
2ndary invader in porcine pneumonia causing suppurative lesions
fulminating fibrinous bronchopneumonia |
|
|
T or F
M. hemolytica has no role in resp dzs of swine - it can cz abortion in swine. |
T
|
|
|
Which one is NOT caused by P. multocida in swine?
a) porcine pasteurellosis b) pharyngitis c) cervical edema d) fibrohemorrhagic polyarthritis e) nephritis f) ABPE |
f
|
|
|
Porcine pasteurellosis has 3 forms:
peracute - sudden death, bloody stained ___ from nostrils and mouth acute - fever, dyspnea, cough, anorexia chronic - ____ loss, coughing |
froth
weight |
|
|
T or F
Acrinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causes porcine pleuropneumonia and can be a cause of fibrinous bronchopneumonia. |
T
|
|
|
Fibrinous pneumonia on dorsal side of caudal lobes in considered pathognomonic for acute and peracute______.
|
porcine pleurapneumonia
|
|
|
In chronic cases of porcine pleurapneumonia, _____ can form causing carcass condemnation in slaughter houses.
|
sequestra
|
|
|
Hemophilus _______ is caused by Hemophilus parasuis.
|
pneumonia
|
|
|
Hemophilus pneumonia causes suppurative bronchopneumonia and is the cause of ___ - polyserositis & polyarteritis in pigs.
|
Glasser's Dz
|
|
|
Streptococcal pneumonia causes both ____ & ____ pneumonia.
|
suppurative & fibrinous
|
|
|
Streptococcal pneumonia is zoonotic, causes meningitis, deafness and death mainly in ___ & ____ (occupations).
|
butchers
pig farmers |
|
|
T or F
Streptococcal pneumonia is a dz of increasing concern in North America. |
T
|
|
|
Tuberculosis in pigs causes all of the following EXCEPT:
a) anorexia b) painful cough c) fever d) resp distress e) multifocal lesions in lungs, liver & spleen |
a
|
|
|
T or F
Swine influenza can cz late term abortions & stillbirths. |
T
|
|
|
Swine influenza czs what type of pneumonia?
|
bronchinterstitial
|
|
|
Swine influenza causes which of the following in piglets?
a) anorexia b) dyspnea c) cough d) all of the above e) none of the above |
d
|
|
|
Which pig dz is known as the Mystery dz in swine in North America and Europe?
|
PRRS - porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome
|
|
|
What dz causes progressive emaciation in weaned pigs?
|
PRRS - porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome
|
|
|
T or F
PRRS is caused by an Arterivirus. |
T
|
|
|
2ndary infection with ____ is common in pigs with PRRS and PMWS.
|
pneumocystitis carinii
|
|
|
PRRS - porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome - causes interstitial pneumonia (early stage) and later is consolidation with ___ contamination.
|
bacterial
|
|
|
T or F
PMWS - Post Weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome - in pigs is caused by porcine circovirus and is seen in Europe and N. America. |
T
|
|
|
In PMWS, worms live in bronchi/bronchioles causing ____ bronchitis.
|
catarrhal
|
|
|
T or F
PMWS causes suppurative pneumonia and lymphadenitis. |
F - causes interstitial pneumonia
|
|
|
Caprine Arteritis Encephalitis is a Retrovirus related to Maedi-Visna that is transmitted the same way (colostrum) and causes chronic ______ pneumonia.
|
interstitial
|
|
|
Protostrongylus rufescens causes ________ pneumonia in young sheep & goats.
|
lobular suppurative
|
|
|
T or F
Muellerius capillaris (the nodular lung worm) cause soft hemorrhagic noules that change to hard, gritty in late stages & nodules are absent on dorsal aspect of caudal lobes. |
T
|
|
|
Rhodococcosis is an important cause of mortality in foals worldwide. It causes mild URT dz that with _____ complications can result in bronchopneumonia.
|
bacterial
|
|
|
T or F
Rhodococcosis causes cervical lymphadenitis is cattle and pigs. |
T
|
|
|
T or F
Equine viral rhinopneumonitis is a mild and transient dz in horses caused by EHV-1 & EHV-4. |
T
|
|
|
All influenza infections caused _____ pneumonia.
|
interstitial
|
|
|
T or F
Migrating larvae of Parascaris equorum cause lung granulomas. |
T
|
|
|
CAV-2 and distemper both cause ______ pneumonia.
|
interstitial
|
|
|
Bacterial pneumonias in dogs cause ____ bronchopneumonia.
|
suppurative
|
|
|
Canine influenza can cz pulmonary & pleural _____.
|
hemorrhages
|
|
|
Blastomyces in dogs causes multifocal pyogranulomas in lungs and granulomatous _____ in LNs, liver, spleen, kidneys and skin.
|
nodules
|
|
|
Coccidioicomycosis (San Joaquin Valley Fever) causes _____ in lungs of feedlot cattle & dogs.
|
pyogranulomas
|
|
|
T or F
Histoplasmosis causes soft, variable sized granulomas with diffuse lung involvement. |
F - hard (not soft)
|
|
|
Paraquat causes acute ____ pneumonia.
|
interstitial
|
|
|
Name the 4 dzs that have intranuclear inclusion bodies.
|
IBR
EVR FVR Inclusion Body Rhinitis |
|
|
Name the 4 dzs that the lungs DO NOT collapse when the thorax is opened.
|
pulmonary edema
interstitial pneumonia OPP uremic pneumopathy |
|
|
Bronchopneumonia is located primarily in the _____ portion of the lung.
|
anterioventral
|
|
|
Suppurative pneumonia is located primarily in the _____ portion of the lung.
|
cranioventral
|
|
|
Interstitial pneumonia is located primarily in the _____ portion of the lung.
|
dorsocaudal
|
|
|
Tuberculosis lesions are granulomas located in the _____ portion of the lung.
|
dorsocaudal
|
|
|
Toxoplasma gondii causes necrotizing _____ pneumonia.
|
interstitial
|
|
|
______ is the primary lesion seen with Pastuerellosis infection (bacterial pneumonia) in cats .
|
pyothorax
|
|
|
In tuberculosis in cats, the lung lesions are nodules that need DDx from_______.
|
lymphosarcoma
|
|
|
What is the difference in type of pneumonia d/t organisms reaching the lungs thru blood versus those that reach the lung thru amniotic fluid?
|
blood - suppurative pneumonia
amniotic fluid - interstitial pneumonia |
|
|
T or F
Bronchopneumonia d/t contaminated meconium is just in the anterioventral lungs. |
F - it is diffusely distributed
|
|
|
What causes linear white streaks in parietal pleura over the intercostal muscles?
|
pleural calcification
|
|
|
In dogs, 2ndary tumors/metastatic tumors are accompanied by 3 paraneoplastic syndromes - name them.
|
hypercalcemia
endocrinopathies osteoarthropathy |
|
|
Primary lung tumors in dogs & cats are rare and originate from the ______ or _____ epi.
|
bronchiolar or bronchioalveolar
|
|
|
Hemothorax is inflammation of the pleura. It is the 2nd most common condition - 1st is _______.
|
pneumonia
|
|
|
______ is clear, watery, colorless to light yellow odorless fluid that fails to coagulate.
|
Hydrothorax
|
|
|
______ is caused by either an infection by direct extension from lungs or trauma thru thoracic wall or diaphragm.
|
Pleuritis/Pleurisy
|
|
|
_______ are primary tumors of the pleura.
|
Mesotheliomas
|
|
|
_______ are multiple discrete nodules on pleural surface. Microscopically it looks like carcinoma or fibrosarcoma.
|
Pleural mesotheliomas
|
|
|
_____ - milky lymph (rich in TG) fluid in thorax & blood in pleural cavity.
|
Chylothorax
|
|
|
_____ - milky lymph (rich in TG) fluid in thorax & blood in pleural cavity.
|
Chylothorax
|
