Respiratory Pathology

Front 1

auscultation

Back 1

Listening to the sounds within the body

Front 2

percussion

Back 2

Tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure

Front 3

pleural rub

Back 3

Scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other.

Front 4

rales (crackles)

Back 4

Fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli

Front 5

rhonchi

Back 5

Loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum

Front 6

sputum

Back 6

Material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting

Front 7

stridor

Back 7

Strained high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx

Front 8

wheezes

Back 8

Continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing.

Front 9

croup

Back 9

Acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx accompanied by barking cough and stridor

Front 10

diphtheria

Back 10

Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium

Front 11

epistaxis

Back 11

Nosebleed

Front 12

pertussis

Back 12

Whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis

Front 13

asthma

Back 13

Chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production

Front 14

bronchiectasis

Back 14

Chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to infection

Front 15

chronic bronchitis

Back 15

Inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd

Front 16

cystic fibrosis cf

Back 16

Inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally.

Front 17

atelectasis

Back 17

Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli

Front 18

emphysema

Back 18

Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

Front 19

lung cancer

Back 19

Malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi

Front 20

pneumonconiosis

Back 20

Abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis

Front 21

pneumonia

Back 21

Acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of inflammatory reaction

Front 22

pulmonary abscess

Back 22

Large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs.

Front 23

pulmonary edema

Back 23

Fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles

Front 24

pulmonary embolism

Back 24

Clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung

Front 25

pulmonary fibrosis

Back 25

Formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs.

Front 26

sarcoidosis

Back 26

Chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs

Front 27

tuberculosis

Back 27

Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs usually are involved, but any organ in the body may be affected.

Front 28

mesothelioma

Back 28

Rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura

Front 29

pleural effusion

Back 29

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space

Front 30

pleurisy (pleuritis)

Back 30

Inflammation of the pleura

Front 31

pneumothorax

Back 31

Collection of air in the pleural space.

Front 32

anthracosis

Back 32

Coal dust accumulates in the lungs

Front 33

asbestosis

Back 33

Asbestos particles accumulate in the lungs

Front 34

bacilli

Back 34

Rod-shaped bacteria (cause of TB)

Front 35

chronic obsructive pulmonary disease copd

Back 35

Chronic condition of persistent obstruction of air flow through bronchial tubes and lungs.

Front 36

cor pulmonale

Back 36

Failure of the right side of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the lungs because of underlying lung disease.

Front 37

exudates

Back 37

Fluid, cells, and other substances (pus) that filter from cells or capillaires ooze into lesions or areas of inflammation

Front 38

hydrothorax

Back 38

Collection of fluid in the pleural cavity

Front 39

inflitrate

Back 39

Collection of fluid or other material within the lung, as seen on a chest film, CT scan, or other radiologic image

Front 40

pallative

Back 40

Relieving symptoms but not curing the disease

Front 41

parosysmal

Back 41

Pertaining to a sudden occurrence, such as a spasm or seizure, oxysm/o means sudden.

Front 42

pulmonary infarction

Back 42

Area of necrosis (death of lung tissue)

Front 43

purulent

Back 43

Containing pus

Front 44

silicosis

Back 44

Disease due to silica or glass dust in the lungs; occurs in mining occupations

Front 45

chest x-ray

Back 45

Radiographic image of the thoracic cavity (chest film)

Front 46

computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest

Back 46

Computer-generated series of x-ray images show thoracic structures in cross section and other planes.

Front 47

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest

Back 47

Magnetic waves create detailed images of the chest in frontal, lateral (sagittal), and cross-sectional (axial) planes.

Front 48

position emission tomography (PET) scan of the lung

Back 48

Radioactive glucose is injected and images reveal metabolic activity in the lungs.

Front 49

ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan

Back 49

Detection device records radioactivity in the lung after injection of a radioisotope or inhalation of small amount of radioactive gas (xenon).

Front 50

bronchoscopy

Back 50

Fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes.

Front 51

endotracheal intubation

Back 51

Placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway

Front 52

laryngoscopy

Back 52

Visual examination of the voice box

Front 53

lung biopsy

Back 53

Removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination

Front 54

mediastinoscopy

Back 54

Endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum

Front 55

pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

Back 55

Tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs: airway function, lung volume, and teh capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently

Front 56

thoracentesis

Back 56

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space

Front 57

thoracotomy

Back 57

Large surgical incision of the chest

Front 58

thoracoscopy

Back 58

Visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope

Front 59

tracheostomy

Back 59

Surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck

Front 60

tuberculin test

Back 60

Determines past or present tuberculous infection based on a positive skin reaction

Front 61

tube thoracostomy

Back 61

A flexible, plastic chest tube is passed into the pleural space through an opening in the chest