Respiratory Microbiology And Disease

Front 1

Describe bordetella perussis

Back 1

encapsulated Gram-negative coccobacillus that causes whooping cough
increases cAMP by inhibiting Galpha1, causing whooping cough; inhibits chemokine receptor, causing lymphocytosis

Front 2

Describe chlamydiae pneumoniae

Back 2

can't make its own ATP; obligate intracellar organism that causes mucosal infections
forms:
1. elementary body-infectious; enters cell via endocytosis
2. reticulate body-replicates in cell by fission; seen on tissure culture
causes atypical pneumonia; transmitted by aerosol
chlamydial cell wall lacks muramic acid
lab diagnosis-cytoplasmic inclusions seen on Giemsa or fluorescent Ab-stained smear

Front 3

Describe Moraxella catarrhalis

Back 3

Gram-negative bacteria; include both rod-shaped bacteria and diplococcic (closely related to Neisseria); oxidase-positive
3rd most common cause of otitis media in children; causes sinusitis and bronchopulmonary exacerbations in adults (associated w/ COPD)
transmitted by respiratory aerosol; has endotoxin in form of lipooligosaccharide (LOS)

Front 4

Describe aspergillus fumigatus

Back 4

allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, lung cavity aspergilloma (fungus ball), invasive aspergillosis, especially in immunocompromised individuals and those w/ chronic granulomatous disease
mold w/ septate hyphae that branch at acute angles; not dimorphic

Front 5

Describe blastomycosis

Back 5

causes pneumonia; can disseminate; dipmorphic fungi; mimics TB (granuloma formation), but no person-person transmision
east of Mississippi river and Central America; causes inflammatory lung disease and can disseminate to skin and bone; fomr granulomatous nodules
broad-base budding

Front 6

Describe paracoccidiomycosis

Back 6

systemic mycosis (causes pneumonia, disseminates, mimics TB); largest systemic mycosis
present in Latin America; budding yeast w/ "captain's wheel" formation

Front 7

Describe histoplasmosis

Back 7

systemic mycosis (smallest one)
causes pneumonia; found in Mississippi and Ohio river valleys
macrophage filled w/ histoplasma

Front 8

Describe cryptococcus neoformans

Back 8

opportunistic fugal infection; causes cryptococcal meningitis and cyrptococcosis
hevily encapsulated yeast; not dimorphic
found in soil, pigeon droppings; culture on Sabouraud's agar; stains w/ India ink
latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular Ag; "soap bubble" lesions in brain

Front 9

Describe nocardia asteroides

Back 9

gram positive rod; form long branching filaments that resemble fungi
weakly acid-fast aerobe in soil
causes pulmonary infection in immunocompromised patients

Front 10

Describe mycobacteria avium

Back 10

acid-fast; often resistant to multiple drugs
causes disseminated disease in AIDS; prophylactic treatment w/ azithromycin
Lady Windermere syndrome-MAC disease in elderly women; fastidious nature of these women inhibits them from coughing and spitting; poorly draining lung regions develop that encourage the growth of MAC

Front 11

Describe Yersinia Pestis

Back 11

possible agent of bioterrorism; causes plague (pneumonic is the worst)
transmitted by flea bite
carriers are rodents (especially prairie dogs)
bubonic plague can turn into pneumonic plague w/ bacteremia; pneumonic plague transported person to person by cough and aerosol droplets

Front 12

Describe Bacillus anthracis

Back 12

agent of bioterrorism; gram-positive, spore-forming rod
produces anthrax toxin; only bacterium w/ polypeptide capsule (contains D-glutamate)
cutaneous anthrax-contact-->black echar (painless ulcer); can progress to bacteremia and death
pulmonary anthrax-inhalation of spores-->symptoms that rapidly progress to fever, pulmonary hemorrhage, mediastinitis, and shock
black skin lesions-black eschar (necrosis) surrounded by edematous ring; caused by lethat factor and edema factor
Woolsorters' disease-inhalation of spores from contaminated wool

Front 13

Describe coxiella burnetti

Back 13

causes Q fever; tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols
Q fever has no rash, no vector, and has negative Weil-Felix; its causative organism can survive outside for long periods of time

Front 14

Describe chlamydiae psittaci

Back 14

can't make its own ATP; obligate intracellular organism that causes mucosal infections
causes atypical pneumonia; transmitted by aerosol
avian reservoir; cell wall lacks muramic acid
forms:
1. elementary body-infectious; enters cell via endocytosis
2. reticulate body-replicates in cell by fission; seen on tissue culture
lab diagnosis-cytoplasmic inclusions seen on Giemsa or fluorescent Ab-stained smear