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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Opiods? also Antitussives?
Adverse Effect? Cannot suppress cough of common cold |
Codeine & Hydrocodone (Hyocodan)
Can suppress Respiration! |
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NONOPIODS? ANTITUSSIVES?
ADVERSE EFFECTS? Cannot suppress cough of common cold |
Detromethorphan (Benylin)
Can cause euphoria at high doses -abused for this. |
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Topical Nasal Decongestants?
Adm. through nasal cavity. |
Ephedrine (Pretz-D) & Oxymetazoline (Afrin, Allerest) & Flunisolide (Aerobid) & Budesonide (Pulmicort)
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Actions of Topical Nasal Decongestants?
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Antiinflammatory, seasonal allergic rhinnitis, inflammation after removal of nasal polyps, bee sting in nose....
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Oral Decongestants? OTC
Shrink the nasal mucosal membrane - drainage of sinuses. |
Phenylephrine & Pseudoephedrine - less potent than ephedrine!
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Contraindications.. in oral decongestants?
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Any condition that may be exacerbated by sympathetic activity i.e. CV events...
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Adverse effects in oral decongestants?
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Rebound congestion, stuffy, swollen, anxiety, tremors, hypertension, arrhythmias.
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Role of Histamine..? in lungs, GI system, CNS...
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dilates sm. vessels. Bronchoconstriction. Promotes acid secretion, suppress seizure, suppresses sleep/wake cycle.
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Antihistamines?..
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First Generations -Diphenhydramine(Benadryl), Azalatine (Asteline), Cetirizine (Zyrtec) & Second Generation- Fexofenadine (Allegra) Loratadine (Claritin)
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Differences between 1st gen. and 2nd gen antihistamines?
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1st can cross bbb, shorter 1/2 lifes, block muscarinic receptors, anticholinergic effect.
2nd- no sleepiness, dry mouth,& constipation |
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Uses for Antihistamines?
PO, injection, PR & nasal spray. |
swelling in a bee sting, nasal itching, relieves itchy eyes, hives, angioedema, motion sickness, insomnia, allergies.
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Contraindications of Antihistamines?
Caution with? |
Pregnant and lactating, elderly.
Alcohol and other CNS depressents i.e. opiods. |
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Expectorants?
30m onset ?peak 3-4h duration |
Guafenosin (Mucinex).
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Action of Expectorants?
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liquify secretions in lower Respiratory track making it easier for Pt to cough up secretions. Increases productivity of cough & decreases frequency.
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Adverse Effects of Expectorants?
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GI symptoms- nausea, vomiting, GI pain, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, mild rash (prolonged use may mask underlying disorder - TB)
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Mucolytics?
1min onset 5-10min peak 2-3h duration |
Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
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Action of Mucolytics?
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Breaks down mucus in high risk Respiratory Pts.- also used in Tylenol OD.
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Adverse effects of Mucolytics?
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Can trigger bronchospasm.
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Cold Remedies. Cautious of?
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Taking too many meds that have the same drug in them!NO CURE for the cold. Treated by Symptoms.
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A patient taking an OTC cold medication and an OTC allergy medicine is found to be taking double doses of pseudoephedrine. As a result the Pt might exhibit:
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Restlessness, tremors, & Palpitations
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Types of Obstructive Resp. Disorders?
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Asthma.
COPD-Emphysema Respiratory Distress Syndrome |
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Obstructive Disorder characterized by?
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bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation, mucous production. Triggered by immune mediated triggers.
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Asthma drug management - Types of drugs?
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Bronchodilators, Xanthines, Sympathomimetics, Anticholinergics.
Antiinflammatory agents, steroids, mast cell stabalizers, leukotriene modifiers. by MDI DPI or Nebulizers. |
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Chronic Drug Therapy for Asthma?. use what?
Exacerbate asthma - tobacco smoke, wood smoke, household sprays |
long term control - inhaled glucocorticoids. & SABAS (inhaled).
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Acute Severe Exacerbations of Asthma. What do you do?
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1 oxygen
2. systemic glucocorticoid 3 nebulized hi dose SABA 4 nebulized ipratropium |
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Rescue Meds for Asthma? what kind?
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sympathomimetics.
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Xanthines (Asthma drug category) PO with food.(individualized) IV in emergencies can be used.
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Theophylline - has been used in emergencies but less effective and less safe than inhaled glucocorticoids & beta2 agonists (narrow margin of safety), Caffeine (Tx of apnea in infants), Aminophylline.
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Xanthines (Bronchodilators) use?
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Bronchial asthma prevention Reverse bronchospasm.
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Contraindicated? Xanthines? Avoid?
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Pts with coronary disease, GI problems, Resp. dysfunction, renal or hepatic disease, alcoholism, hyperthyroidism.
Avoid caffeine cimetidine & ciprofloxacin |
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Sympathomimetics! Acute Attack Asthma Drugs! ?
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Epinephrine (Not for cardiac Pts) anaphylaxis Tx.
Albuterol (proventil). Salmeterol (not for attack!!TOO SLOW) |
