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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the contents for nasal fossae?
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epithelium:
stratified squamous, dry in vestibule (opening of the nasal septum) ciliated pseduostratified columnar- called olfactory epithelium in superior nasal concha (shelf like bony projection; look like folds in nasal cavity) b/c it has 3 kinds of cells (supporting cells, basal cells,& olfactory cells) goblet cells: lots generally (but in olfactory epithelium none) glands: mixed & abundant cartilage: generally none (but nasal septum has hyaline) smooth muscle: none elastic fibers: none |
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what are the contents of nasopharynx?
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epithelium: ciliated pseudostratified columnar
goblet cells: lots glands: mixed & abundant cartilage: none smooth muscles: none elastic fibers: present |
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what are the contents of larynx ?
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epithelium: ciliated pseudostratified columnar (base of epiglottis, false vocal cords & just below the true vocal cords)
stratified squamous (anterior surface of epiglottis & 1/2 of posterior surface of larynx, true vocal cords) goblet cells: lots glands: mixed & lots smooth muscle: none elastic fibers: lots |
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where do you see changes from typical respiratory epithelium?
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nasal vestibule (keritinized stratified squamous)
superior nasal concha (olfactory epithelium - pseudostratified epithelium w/ supporting cells, basal cells, & olfactory cells) anterior surface of epiglottis, upper 1/2 of posterior surface of larynx, true vocal cords (stratified squamous;wet) terminal bronchioles (ciliated simple columnar) respiratory bronchioles (ciliated simpe cuboidal) alveolar ducts (simple squamous) alveoli (simple squamous) |
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What are the contents of the trachea?
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epithelium: ciliated pseudostratified epithelium
goblet cells: lots glands: mixed & present Cartilage: c-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage smooth muscle: (spanning open ends of c-shaped rings- trachealis m.) elastic fibers: present |
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Are there specialized cells in trachea?
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yes,
basal cells-form single layer against basal lamina, capable of differentiating into supporting cells goblet cells-synthesize & secret mucus DNES cells- diffuse neuroendocrine cells, contain small & dense core granules containing hormones (serotonin, dopamine, bombesin, calcitonin, enkephalin, somatostatin) brush-have blunt microvilli ciliated-sweep mucus upward which traps inhaled dust; tall columnar cells w/ cilia that project into the mucus covering the epithelium |
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Are there specialized cells in nasal cavitry? (specifically the superior nasal concha?)
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yes,
supporting cells-attach & support sensory cells or olfactory cells basal cells: form single layer against basal lamina that can differentiate into supporting cells olfactory cells: bipolar nerve cells brush cells: receptors for CN V; have short microvilli DNES cells diffuse neuroendocrine cells, contain small & dense core granules containing hormones (serotonin, dopamine, bombesin, calcitonin, enkephalin, somatostatin) |
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what is metaplasia?
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Change from one type of fully
differentiated adult cell type to a different type of fully differentiated cell type (epithelium) due to changes in the character of the respiratory epithelium in order to compensate for physical stress and insult; however, the change hinders the effective functionality of the epithelium, (i,e.- smokers - cilia on ciliated cells lose their synchronous beating pattern as a result of noxious elements in smoke. as a result, removal of mucus impaired. to compensate, individual begins to cough, facilitating expulsion of mucus in airway. over time, number of ciliated cells decreases b/c of chronic coughing. this reduction in ciliated cells further impairs the normal epithelium & results in its replacement with stratified epithelium |
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what are the contents of the large bronchi?
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epithelium; typical respiratory
goblet cells: present glands: mixed & present cartilage: irregular rings of hyaline smooth muscle: crisscrossing spiral bundles elastic fibers: lots |
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what are the contents of small bronchi?
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epithelium: typical respiratory epithelium
goblet cells: few glands: few cartilage: plates & islands of hyaline smooth muscle: crisscrossing spiral bundles elastic fibers: abundant |
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what are the contents of regular bronchioles
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epithelium: ciliated pseudostraitified columnar
goblet cells: scattered glands: none cartilage: none smooth muscle: crisscrossing spiral bundles elastic fibers: abundant |
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are there specialized cells in regular bronchioles?
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yes, clara cells - perform function of goblet cells, secrete protein that protects the bronchiole lining & plays a role analogous to that of surfactant lining the alveoli
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are there specialized cells in terminal bronchioles?
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yes, clara cells - perform function of goblet cells, secrete protein that protects the bronchiole lining & plays a role analogous to that of surfactant lining the alveoli
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are there specialized cells in respiratory bronchioles?
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yes, clara cells - perform function of goblet cells, secrete protein that protects the bronchiole lining & plays a role analogous to that of surfactant lining the alveoli
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what are the contents of terminal bronchi?
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epithelium: ciliated simple columnar
goblet cells: none glands: none cartilage: none smooth muscle: crisscrossing spiral bundles elastic fibers: abundant |
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what are the contents of respiratory bronchi?
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epithelium: ciliated simple cuboidal
the rest of the contents are the same as those of terminal bronchi |
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what are the contents of alveolar ducts
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epithelium: simple squamous consisting of type I alveolar (type I pneumocyte or squamous alveolar cell) and type II alveolar cell (type II pneumocyte or great alveolar cell)
goblet cells: none glands: none cartilage: none smooth muscle: at alveolar opening elastic fibers: present |
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are there specialized cells in alveolar ducts?
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yes,
type I pneumocytes-make up 97% of alveolar surface but low in numbers, united to ea. other through occluding junctions & desmosomes; these cells are not capable of cell division type II pneumocytes-are secretory cells, are cuboidal or rounded found in groups of 2 or 3, have characteristic foamy cytoplasm, have prominent golgi & rER, lamellar bodies (containgin surfactant) are discharged by merrocrine mode alveolar macrophages: derived from monocytes, phagocytize RBC's during congestive heart failure & are called heart failure cells which contain iron pigment or hemosiderin, form the first line of defense in lungs, have high specific activity of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase & lysozyme |
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are there specialized cells in alveolar sacs?
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yes,
type I pneumocytes-make up 97% of alveolar surface but low in numbers, united to ea. other through occluding junctions & desmosomes; these cells are not capable of cell division type II pneumocytes-are secretory cells, are cuboidal or rounded found in groups of 2 or 3, have characteristic foamy cytoplasm, have prominent golgi & rER, lamellar bodies (containgin surfactant) are discharged by merrocrine mode alveolar macrophages: derived from monocytes, phagocytize RBC's during congestive heart failure & are called heart failure cells which contain iron pigment or hemosiderin, form the first line of defense in lungs, have high specific activity of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase & lysozyme |
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what are the contents of alveoli
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epithelium: simple squamous composed of type I and type II pneumocytes
goblet cells: none glands: none cartilage: none elastic fibers: yes @ alveolar openings alveolar wall has collagen, elastin, & reticular fibers |
