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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Increased numbers of which type of WBC is indicative of empyema?
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Neutrophils
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What is the leukocyte count for normal pleura fluid?
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<1000/uL
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What is the erythrocyte count for normal pleural fluid?
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<10,000/uL
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Green, white, turbid effusion?
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Rheumatoid pleuritis
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Milk white color?
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Chylous/pseudochylous effusion
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Cloudy purulent effusion?
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Infection
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Red tinged effusion?
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Pulmonary infarct, trauma, malignancy
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Gram positive cocci clusters?
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Staphylococcus
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Gram positive diplococci?
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Streptocococcus
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Gram negative coccobaccilli?
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H. influenzae
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Chlamydia and Mycoplasma can be grown in culture. True or false?
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False.
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Mycobacteria uses what type of stain?
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Acid-fast stain
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Why can't you request fungal or Mycobacteria cultures in 24 hours?
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They take weeks to grow
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Transudate usually appears as what color?
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Clear
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What is the difference between a nodule and a mass?
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Nodule <3 cm
Mass >3 cm |
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Eosinophilic BALF?
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Drug reaction or eosinophilic pnemonia
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Blood BALF?
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Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage
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Urine sample for which bacteria?
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Legionella
S. pneumoniae |
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CXR/CT for ARDS/ALI?
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Diffuse bilateral lung injury
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What part of the Starling equation represents capillary permeability?
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K constant
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What is the role of sodium transporters in alveolar epithelial cells?
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Helps clear airspace liquid and prevent edema. Dysfunction (ie. hypoxia) can cause intersititial osmotic pressure to increase
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How can mechanical ventilation affect the Starling equation?
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Increased hydrostatic pressure due to increased venous return
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How can sepsis affect the Starling equation?
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Decrease in protein reflection coefficient--larger proteins enter interstitium
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Elevated glucose in exudate can be seen in which disorders?
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Rheumatoid arthritis, malignancy, purulent infection
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Elevated amylase in exudate can be seen in which disorders?
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Pancreatitis, malignancy, esophageal rupture
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Exudate has a pleural fluid protein/serum protein ratio of...?
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At least 0.5
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Exudate has a pleural fluid LDH/serum LDH ratio of...?
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At least 0.6
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What would you see in a BAL of patient with Goodpasture syndrome?
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Increasingly blood specimen
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Media to grow Legionella?
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Charcoal yeast
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Bacteria that grows on blood agar?
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S. aureus--hemolytic
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Direct flourescent antibody?
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Legionella
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Silver stain?
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Fungi and Pnemocystis jirovecii
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Wright stain?
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Asthma
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What is a hallmark sign of consolidation?
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Air bronchogram
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