Respiratory Function

Front 1

Where does internal respiration occur
what reactions occur there

Back 1

cells
oxidative phosphorylation from coupling of glycolysis and citric-acid cycle

Front 2

Where does external respiration occur

Back 2

between atmosphere and body tissues (AKA Lungs)
*also between blood and body tissues

Front 3

what anatomical areas are included in the upper airways

Back 3

nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx

Front 4

What anatomical areas make up the respiratory tract

Back 4

larynx, conducting zone, respiratory zone

Front 5

What shape is the structure of cartilage in the trachea
the bronchi

Back 5

C in Trachea
O in bronchi

Front 6

What controls the diameter of the bronchioles?

Back 6

Smooth muscle, not cartilage

Front 7

How many orders of branching are there between tertiary bronchi

Back 7

20-23

Front 8

what role does the alveoli serve?

Back 8

site of gas exchange

Front 9

What is the surface area of our alveoli

Back 9

tennis court

Front 10

how would you describe the blood supply of the alveoli

Back 10

rich supply forming sheet over alveoli

Front 11

What type of cell makes up the wall of the alveoli

Back 11

Type I

Front 12

What cells secrete surfactant

Back 12

Type II

Front 13

These cells are part of the reticular endothelial system and perform immune functions in the lungs

Back 13

alveolar macrophages

Front 14

What anatomical structures make up the chest wall
what is it's function

Back 14

rib cage, sternum, thoracic vertebrae,
Muscles= intercostals and diaphragm
function is to protect lungs

Front 15

A saclike structure surrounding each lung

Back 15

pleura

Front 16

the area between the visceral and parietal layers of the that is a possible location for disease.

Back 16

potential space

Front 17

How much fluid is typically in the potential space?

Back 17

~15 mL

Front 18

What type of muscles are the respiratory muscles?
Are they voluntarily controlled?

Back 18

skeletal muscle typically under voluntary control

Front 19

what nerve controls the diaphragm

Back 19

phrenic nerve

Front 20

which nerve specifically controls inspriation
expiration
in which muscles

Back 20

inspiration=external intercostal nerve external ICs
expiration=internal interc nerve - internal ICs

Front 21

Where are chemo receptors located

Back 21

carotids, aortic arch, atria, and the brain

Front 22

what do the peripheral chemoreceptors detect

Back 22

O2 and pH

Front 23

What do the central chemoreceptors detect

Back 23

pH only

Front 24

Where do the afferent neurons of the peripheral chemoreceptors lead take info back to

Back 24

medullary respiratory control center

Front 25

specialized cell in direct contact with ARTERIAL blood

Back 25

peripheral chemoreceptors

Front 26

what are the functions of the conducting zone

Back 26

air passageway
increase air temp
increase humidity

Front 27

list the structures of the respiratory zone

Back 27

respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
aveoli
alveolar sacs

Front 28

periodic breathing clusters during hypoxia often a result of a mismatch between chemoreceptor stimuli and neural response

Back 28

cheyne stokes

Front 29

list the muscles of inspiration

Back 29

diaphragm and external intercostals

Front 30

list the muscles of expiration

Back 30

abs, internal intercostals

Front 31

is expiration active or passive
inspiration

Back 31

ex- generally passive (recoil of lungs)
in-active

Front 32

a spinal injury where may impact breathing

Back 32

C3-C5, where the phrenic nerve leaves the spine

Front 33

the accessory muscles of breathing

Back 33

sternocleidomastoid and scalenes
external intercostals add power to exhale

Front 34

where are your central chemo receptors

Back 34

medulla oblongata

Front 35

what do the central chemoreceptors monitor, what do they not

Back 35

respond to H+, not O2

Front 36

what is the difference between chemoreceptors and lung receptors

Back 36

chemo monitor chemical levels
lung receptors monitor

Front 37

inflammation of the parenchymal structures of the lung including the aveoli and bronchioles

Back 37

pneumonia

Front 38

list the three types of classification for pneumonia

Back 38

type of agent (typical or atypical)
distribution (lobar or broncho)
setting (community vs hospital)

Front 39

what is the difference between typical and atypical infections

Back 39

typical is bacterial
atypical is viral and mycoplasma

Front 40

a pneumonia causing inflammation and exudate into the air filled spaces of the alveoli, perulet sputum, and leukocytosis

Back 40

bacterial pneumonia

Front 41

most common cause of pneumonia

Back 41

S. pneumoniae

Front 42

types of virus that cause pneumonia

Back 42

influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, and parainfluenza virus

Front 43

which is more common in hospital aquired pneumonias, bacteria or viruses
what are the common pathogens

Back 43

bacteria
P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, E.Coli, and Serratia

Front 44

which of these groups would not be considered immunocompromised?
bone marrow/organ transplant recipient, solid organ cancer, pt on corticosteroids, pt with CHF

Back 44

CHF, the rest are

Front 45

defects in humoral immunity lend themselves to ______ infection
defects in cellular immunity predispose people to ______ infection

Back 45

bacterial
viruses and fungi

Front 46

a pneumonia that arises suddenly (fluminant) can be assumed to be _____ in nature as opposed to one with a more insideous onset

Back 46

bacterial

Front 47

pt complains of sudden onset of malaise, severe shaking and chills, fever. Early on cough elicited watery sputum, breath sounds are limited with fine crackles. Now sputum is rusty colored and there is sharp pain with movement. What do you suspect

Back 47

S. pneumonia

Front 48

pneumonia contracted from the environment through droplets in aerosolized form. Abrupt onset of symptoms including malaise, weakness, fever, and dry cough. Confusion and diarrhea are also present.

Back 48

legionnaire disease

Front 49

most common form of atypical pneumonia

Back 49

Mycoplasma pneumonia

Front 50

What sets atypical pneumonia infections apart from bacterial or viral infections

Back 50

patchy involvement of the lung mostly confined to alveolar septum, lack of lung consolidation, and only moderate sputum and elveated WBC