Respiratory Exam I

Front 1

_ give rise to laryngeal cartilage

Back 1

Neural crest cells (ectoderm)

Front 2

_ make cartilages and smooth muscle of airway

Back 2

Splanchnic mesoderm

Front 3

_ make skeletal muscle of larynx

Back 3

Somitomeres

Front 4

_ makes epithelial lining and glands

Back 4

Endoderm

Front 5

_ separates lung buds from foregut

Back 5

Esophagotracheal ridges

Front 6

_ separates trachea and lung buds from esophagus

Back 6

Esophagotracheal septum

Front 7

The epithelim of the larynx originates from?

Back 7

Endoderm

Front 8

Neural crest cells give rise to

Back 8

Laryngeal cartilages

Front 9

Cricothyroid muscle comes from what arch and innervation

Back 9

4th arch, superior laryngeal nerve

Front 10

All laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid arise from what arch and innervation

Back 10

6th arch, recurrent laryngeal nerve

Front 11

All laryngeal muscles are innervated by _

Back 11

Vagus nerve

Front 12

Separates true and false vocal folds

Back 12

Laryngeal ventricles

Front 13

Epithelium of trachea and bronchi are derived from _

Back 13

Endoderm

Front 14

_ forms tracheal and bronchial cartilage and smooth muscle

Back 14

Splanchnic mesoderm

Front 15

Describe embryonic stage of lung development

Back 15

First stage begins during weeks 4-7 as lungs grow into intraembryonic coelom and become situated in pleural cavity. During this period airway divides into primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi. At this time there are definitive differences between right and left primary bronchi

Front 16

Describe pseudoglandular stage of lung development

Back 16

This stage occurs during weeks 8-16, lungs are continuing to grow into pleural cavities. At this time there are terminal bronchioles present but no gas exchange structures are present

Front 17

Describe canalicular stage of lung development

Back 17

This stage occurs during weeks 16-25 weeks and is characterized by presence of respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts. During the later weeks of this phase gas exchange is possible

Front 18

Describe terminal sac stage of lung development

Back 18

This phase begins approximately week 24 and continues until birth. Realize that there is some overlap with the stages. During this stage the epithelium becomes thin and forms type I alveolar cells and the capillaries bulge into alveolli. Near end of this stage type II alveolar cells begin to produce surfactant. The secretion of surfactant is essential to gas exchange

Front 19

Describe alveolar stage of the lung development

Back 19

This stage begins near birth and ocntinues until approximately 8 years of age. During this stage (after birth) the mature alveoli form. During this period the number of alveoli increases and the size of the alveoli increases

Front 20

Cause of esophageal atresia

Back 20

Results from abnormal partitioning of esophagus and trachea and involves narrowing or closure of esophagus

Front 21

Respiratory distress results from _

Back 21

Insufficient surfactant - this causes alveoli to collapse during expiration