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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define asthma
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Episodic reversible airway obstruction due to bronchial constriction and inflammation due to allergens, pollutants, exercise, cold air, or viral upper respiratory infections.
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List the three pathological findings in asthma patients
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Contracted airway smooth muscle
Mucosal thickening from edema and cellular filtration Mucous plugs block smaller airways |
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What cells release the chemical mediator (histamine, leukotrienes, TXA2 and Pg) in asthma?
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Mast cells and eosinophils
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T/F Asthma attacks are only single phase events.
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False- Asthma attack are biphasic with an acute phase and a late reaction
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List the signs and symptoms of Asthma
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Wheezing
Coughing Tachypnea (rapid breathing) Dysnea (labored breathing) |
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List the therapeutic approaches to the treatment of asthama
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Reverse Bronchospasm
Remove trigger or antigen Control inflammation |
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Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)
Levalbuterol (Xopenex) Metaproterenol (Alupent) Pirbuterol (Maxair) are all what? |
Short acting Beta two agonists
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Salmeterol and formoterol are what?
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Long acting Beta two agonists
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Beta two agonist contribute to what part of the therapeutic approach to the treatment of asthma?
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Reverse Bronchospasms
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What are the adverse effects of beta two agonists?
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Tachycardia, hypotension, headache, dizziness, insomnia, tremors, hyperglycemia
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What drugs have a slower onset and less bronchodilation then beta two agonists?
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Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) [non selective muscarinic antagonist]
Ipratropium + albuterol |
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What is used in the treatment of COPD and Emphysema?
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Tiotropium (spirva) (more selective muscarinic antagonist)
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What are the side effects of the muscarinic antagonist respiratory drugs?
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Palpitations, blurred vision, dry mouth, and broncospasms
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How does Theophylline work?
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Inhibits phosphodiesterease (increase cAMP and cGMP)
Adenosine receptor (A2b) antagonist Anti-inflammatory actions inhibit inflammatory mediators in late response |
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List Theophylline adverse effects
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Stimulates gastric acid secretion
Diuretic effects Smooth muscle relaxant CNS stimulant-convulstions (dose> 20 mcg/ml) Cardiac stimulant- arrhythmias (doses> 20 mcg/ml) |
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What drugs stabilize mast cells?
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Cromolyn Sodium
Nedocromil Must be taken before antigen insult |
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Beclomethasone (QVAR)
Budesonide (Pulmicort, Rhinocort) Flunisodlide (AeroBid, Nasalide) Fluticasone (Flonase, Flovent) Mometasone (Nasonex, Asmanex) Triamcinoline (Nasacort, Azmacort) are what? |
Corticosteroids
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What are the adverse effects of inhaled corticosteriods?
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Oral candidiasis (thrush)
Suppress growth in children (high dose) Inhibit immune system (systemic action) |
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How do you prevent thrush in patients taken inhaled corticosteriods?
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Train patient to wash mouth out after use
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List Leukotriene Antagonists
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Zarfirlukast (Accolate)
Montelukast (Singular) |
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Leukotriene Antagonist are effective in what type of asthma
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Aspirin induced asthma
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Zileuton is a what and does what?
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5-lipoxygenase inhibitor and controls inflammation
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Omalizumab is what and does what?
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Recombinant DNA derived humanized IgE monoclonal antibody and controls inflammation.
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