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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What mucolytic drug do we use? Generic name and trade name.
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acetylcysteine (Mycomyst)
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What form is acetylcysteine administered in?
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PO, IV, nebulizer for cats and dogs
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What a secondary use for Mucomyst? How does it act?
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acetaminophen toxicity in cats
increases the synthesis of glutathione in liver, (glutatione facilitates the conjugation of toxic metabolites of acetaminophen) |
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What antitussive do we use? Generic name.
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hydrocodone
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What drug classification does hydrocodone fall under?
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Opioid (centrally acting narc)
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Is hydrocodone a controlled substance?
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Yes
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What form is hydrocodone administered in?
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tablet or syrup
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What is hydrocodone usually used for?
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harsh, non-productive cough in dogs, e.g. kennel cough
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What are the side effects of using hydrocodone?
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Sedation, ileus
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What neurotransmitter is responsible for bronchoconstriction? What type of receptor?
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Ach - muscarinic receptor
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How do bronchodilators work?
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By widening the lumen of the bronchioles
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What type of blocking agents are bronchodilators?
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cholinergic blocking agents (anticholinergics)
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What type of agonists are bronchodilators?
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beta 2 adrenergic agonists
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How do cholinergic blockers work?
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Bind to Ach receptors (muscarinic), block or antagonize muscarinic receptors and prevent bronchoconstriction.
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What are two cholinergic drugs used>
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atropine and glycopyrrolate
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What situations are cholinergic blockers usually used for?
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emergency situations.
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What are the side effects of using cholinergic blockers?
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dry eye, reduced salivation, tachycardia
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What beta 2 adrenergic agonist is used in tablet form for dogs and cats?
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terbutaline
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What beta 2 adrenergic agonist is used as an inhalent MDI for cats and dogs? (generic name and trade name)
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albuterol (Ventolin)
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What beta 2 adrenergic agonist is used as an oral syrup for horses?
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clenbuterol (Ventipulmin)
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What is a side effect of using B2 adrenergic agonists?
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muscle tremors
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What is the mechanism of action of using methyxanthines?
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phosphodiesterase inhibitor
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What is phosphodiesterase?
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An enzyme that is involved in smooth muscle contraction (cAMP) that causes bronchoconstriction
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What are the two methyxanthine drugs used and what form / species?
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aminophylline: injectable and oral tablets (dogs, cats, horses)
theophylline - sustained release oral tablets in dogs and cats |
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What are the side effects of using methyxanthines?
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muscle tremors, tachycardia
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What is the mechanism of action of antihistamines?
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block effects of histamine released from mast cells
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what does histamine bind with and where?
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H1 receptors on bronchiole
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What effect do histamines have on the lungs?
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Cause smooth muscle bronchocosntriction (stimulate heart, stomach secretions, dilation of arterioles, inflammatory response)
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Which antihistamine drug do we use?
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diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
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What is a side effect of using Benadryl?
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CNS depression
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What are the two glucocorticoid (anti-inflammatory) drugs used to treat asthma: generic name, trade name, form
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prednisone, prednisolone: oral
fluticasone (Flovent) inhaled MDI |
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What are the three bronchodilator drugs used to treat asthma: generic name, form
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terbutaline, theophylline: oral
albuterol: inhaled (MDI) |
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What types of drugs are usually used to treat COPD in horses?
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glucocorticoids, bronchodilators (sometimes with antiinflammatorys)
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Which glucocoricoids are used to treat COPD and in what form?
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loral prednisone, injectable dexamethasone and some inhaled glucocorticoids
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Which bronchodilators are used to treat COPD in horses and in what form?
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beta-2-adrenergic agonists i.e. clenbuterol (Ventipulmin) and albuterol (Alupent, Proventil) given orally, injection, inhalation
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Hehehe
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hahaha
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