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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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define pneumonia |
inflammation of lung caused by infection |
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risk factors of pneumonia |
cigarette smoking recent viral infection chronic lung diseases serious illness weakened immune system recent surgery trauma |
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signs/symptoms of pneumonia |
cough, chills, fever, fatigue, malaise, chest pain, headache, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, thick greenish or yellow phelgm |
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bacterial pneumonia |
lobar bronchial |
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lobar |
usually confined to one lobe of lung |
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bronchial |
patches of disease though out lung treated with antibiotics - need to finish tx |
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viral pneumonia |
headache, muscle pain, fever, unproductive cough cause: influenza virus (can be fatal) may develop secondary bacterial infection (bacterial pneumonia) similar tx as flu |
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mycoplasma pneumonia |
atypical walking pneumonia gradual, flu like, not severe easily communicable responds well to antibiotics |
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fungal pneumonia |
symptoms of acute pneumonia antifungal medication |
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pneumocystic carinii ppneumonia |
long duration cough, fever, shortness of breath opportunistic infection immune compromised/HIV |
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prevention |
pneumovax 23 (older than 2 years/65+, 19-24 smokers/asthma) prevnar 13 (6mos-5yrs 4 doses, 17-50+yrs 1 dose) |
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pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complications |
acute respiratory distress syndrome, emphysema, lung abscesses, respiratory failure, death leading cause of death secondary to other systemic diseases |
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define TB |
lung disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis calcifications in lung |
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risk factors of TB |
HIV+, weakened immune system, substance abuse, DM |
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signs and symptoms of TB |
cough with sputum with blood longer than 3 weeks, chest pain, weakness, fatigue, weight loss, anorexia, chills, fever, night sweats |
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latent TB |
asymptomatic not contagious + skin test - chest xray |
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MDR TB |
multi drug resistance TB exposure, geography, incomplete medication, secondary TB infection resistant to isoniazid/rifampin compliance to antibiotics -> resistance |
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XDR TB |
extensive drug resistant TB RARE resistant to fluoroquinolone + at least one of three injectable second line drugs (amikacin/kanamycin/capreomycin) |
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define COPD |
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease a group of lung diseases characterized by limited airflow with variable degrees of alveoli enlargement and lung tissue destruction |
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general causes of COPD |
prolonged smoking, passive smoke, gender, polluted work environment, ambient air (dog), alpha 1 deficiency |
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general signs and symptoms of COPD |
dyspnea, wheezing, fatigue, chronic cough, frequent respiratory infections |
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complications of COPD |
cor pulmonale (right side of heart failure goes to lungs), COPD flare ups, increased lung infections, pneumothorax (hole in lungs), sleep disruptions |
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define bronchitis |
inflammation of bronchi cillia damaged/dead, not being pushed along no cure can alleviate symptoms |
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signs and symptoms of bronchitis |
long term cough (3 months/year for 2 consecutive years), productive cough, dyspnea, fatigue, wheezing, rales (rattling), abnormal lung sounds |
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causes of bronchitis |
cigarette, second hand, air pollutions, allergies, infections |
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treatment of bronchitis |
control symptoms, bronchodilators, humidifiers, inhaled corticosteroids, antibiotics (only if there is 2nd bacterial pneumonia), MD follow up |
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bronchitis complications |
acute bronchitis, pneumonia, for pulmonale, emphysema |
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emphysema |
lung disease involving damage to alveoli alveoli enlarged, not as much surface area, less oxygen no cure except transplant |
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causes of emphysema |
cigarette, second hand, alpha 1 antitrypsin alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor ( has medication of heredity) |
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signs and symptoms of emphysema |
dyspnea, chronic cough, wheezing, weight loss, barrel shaped chest, low blood oxygen levels |
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treatment of emphysema |
smoking cessation, medications, pulmonary rehabilitation program, flu vaccination, pneumovax, low flow O2, lung transplant |
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complications of emphysema |
recurrent resp. infections, pulmonary HT, cor pulmonale, death (mostly from pneumonia) |
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define asthma
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inflammatory disorder of airways characterized by periodic attacks of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing |
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signs and symptoms of asthma |
wheezing, dyspnea, labored breathing, chest pains, tightness, cough, aggravated by exertion |
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asthma triggers |
resp infection, exercise, tobacco smoke, pollutants, stress, food, drug allergies, aspirin, NSAIDs, exposure to allergens |
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effects of asthma on the lung |
muscles of bronchial tree constricts lining of air passages swell decreased air flow wheezing, mucous production increased |
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asthma complications |
resp fatigue, pneumothorax, status ashmaticus, side effects, death |
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lung cancer risk factors/causes |
smoking randon occupational exposure to carcinogens outdoor pollution |
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signs and symptoms of lung cancer |
cough, hoarseness, bloody sputum, dyspnea, weakness, chest pain, weight loss, anorexia, facial paralysis (homer's syndrome), fever |
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small cell carcinoma aka |
adenocarinoma |
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non small cell carcinoma aka |
large cell |
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lung carcinoid tumor |
5% of all lung cancer grow slowly rarely spread |
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complications of lung cancer |
metastasis (to jaw), side effects from chemo, radiation |
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define snoring |
sound mad bye soft palate/uvula during inspiration with relaxed throat during sleep |
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define sleep apnea |
disorder in which breathing stops during sleep for ten seconds or more |
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signs/symptoms of snoring and sleep apnea |
loud, heavy snoring, restless sleep, falls asleep during day, morning headaches, low energy, irritability, forgetfulness, trouble concentrating, mood behavior changes, anxiety, depression, obesity, decreased interest in sex |
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causes of snoring/sleep apnea |
nasal obstruction, small crowded oral cavity, long uvula or palate, large tonsils, obesity |
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treatment of snoring/sleep apnea |
weight loss, nasal or airflow devices, shorten palate uvula, avoid sleeping on back, decongestants, avoid alcohol sedative narcotics, eval at clinic, C PAP machines |
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C PAP machines
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continuous positive airway pressure pushes air down nasal and oral passage |
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complications of snoring/sleep apnea |
ht, heart disease, MI, CVA, psychiatric problems, cognitive dysfunction, memory loss, impotence, death |
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define sinusitis |
inflammation of sinuses |
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causes of sinusitis |
nasal allergies, fungal infections, URI, deviated septum, polyps, allergic rhinitis, hay fever |
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signs and symptoms of sinusitis |
pressure, discomfort in head face, nasal discharge, blockage, postnasal drip, cough, malise, headache, neck pain, earache, fever, weakness |
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treatment for sinusitis |
antibiotics, decongestants, antihistamines, allergy shots, pain meds, nasal irrigation |
