Cardiac Respiratory Disorders - 341 Exam 3

Front 1

This condition involves collapsed sections of alveoli due to obstruction or compression

Back 1

Atelectasis

Front 2

This condition involves alveoli consolidation (filled up with bacteria, debris, fluid, WBCs, etc) due to infection

Back 2

Lobar Pneumonia

Front 3

This condition involves deflated alveoli due to obstruction, which is related to bronchial inflammation and excessive mucous secretions

Back 3

Bronchitis

Front 4

This condition involves overdistended alveoli with destruction of septa, causing increased airway resistance -- esp. on expiration

Back 4

Emphysema

Front 5

This condition involves edema of bronchial mucosa and thick mucus, due to bronchospasm and inflammation, often due to allergic hypersensitivity

Back 5

Asthma

Front 6

This condition involves collection of excess fluid in the intrapleural space with compression of overlying lung tissue, subduing all lung sounds

Back 6

Pleural Effusion and Thickening

Front 7

This condition involves engorged capillaries in the lung, causing deflated air sacs and swelling of bronchial mucosa, often due to pumping failure of the heart

Back 7

CHF

Front 8

This condition involves air in the pleural space due to a rupture or leak in the chest wall, causing partial or complete lung collapse

Back 8

Pneumothorax

Front 9

This condition involves inhalation of tubercle bacilli into the alveolar wall, causing calcified Ghon Lesions and eventual cavitation

Back 9

Tuberculosis

Front 10

This condition involves thrombi or air bubbles occluding pulmonary vessels, causing ischemia, hypoxia, and decreased cardiac output

Back 10

Pulmonary Embolism

Front 11

True or false - pneumonia and bronchitis both present with crackles

Back 11

True

Front 12

These two lung disorders will present with decreased or absent tactile fremitus and hyperresonance.

Back 12

Emphysema and Pnemothorax

Front 13

What should a normal respiratory system present upon palpation?

Back 13

Symmetrical chest expansion; tactile fremitus present and equal bilaterally, diminished toward periphery; no lumps or masses; no tenderness

Front 14

What should a normal respiratory system present upon percussing?

Back 14

Resonant; diaphragmatic excursion 3 to 5 cm and equal bilaterally

Front 15

What happens during a paradoxical split S2 heart sound?

Back 15

You hear the pulmonary valve shutting separately and before the aortic valve

Front 16

What happens during a summation heart sound?

Back 16

You hear both pathologic S3 and S4 sounds - a quadruple rhythm

Front 17

What heart sound produces a LUB-duppa sound?

Back 17

S3

Front 18

What heart sounds produces a daLUB-dup sound?

Back 18

S4

Front 19

A thrill in the 2nd and 3rd right interspaces may occur with ____

Back 19

Aortic stenosis or systemic HTN

Front 20

A thrill in the 2nd and 3rd left interspaces may occur with ____

Back 20

Pulmonic stenosis or pulmonic HTN

Front 21

An abnormally large decrease in systolic blood pressure and pulse wave amplitude during inspiration; common with cardiac tamponade

Back 21

Pulsus Paradoxis

Front 22

Pulse where two beats occur in rapid succession, the groups of two being separated by a longer interval

Back 22

Pulsus Bigeminus

Front 23

This is a jerky pulse with full expansion and sudden collapse

Back 23

Water-Hammer or Corrigan Pulse

Front 24

This is a sudden drop in blood pressure when rising to sit or stand.

Back 24

Orthostatic Hypotension

Front 25

A pathologic (S3/S4) sound occurs with CAD.

Back 25

S4

Front 26

A pathologic (S3/S4) sound occurs with heart failure.

Back 26

S3

Front 27

What is a fixed split S2?

Back 27

A split S2 heart sound that is unaffected by respiration (it is always there)

Front 28

What is diaphragmatic excursion?

Back 28

Diaphragmatic excursion is the movement of the thoracic diaphragm during breathing.

Normal diaphragmatic excursion should be 3–5 cm, but can be increased in well-conditioned persons to 7–8 cm. This measures the contraction of the diaphragm.

It is performed by asking the patient to exhale and hold it. The provider then percusses down their back in the intercostal margins (bone will be dull), starting below the scapula, until sounds change from resonant to dull (lungs are resonant, solid organs should be dull). That is where the provider marks the spot. Then the patient takes a deep breath in and holds it as the provider percusses down again, marking the spot where the sound changes from resonant to dull again. Then the provider will measure the distance between the two spots. Repeat on the other side, is usually higher up on the right side. If it is less than 3–5 cm the patient may have a pneumonia or a pneumothorax in which a chest x-ray is diagnostic for either.