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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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pleural effusion
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aqueous phase = visceral pleural capillaries
protein phase = parietal pleural lymphatics |
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pleural effusion
1. exudate |
1/2 the protein
6/10 the lactate dehydrogenase active process causes: cancer & pneumonia |
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pleural effusion
2. transudate |
passive movement
increased vascular hydrostatic pressure decreased plasma oncotic pressure increased neg intrapleural pressure |
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transudate
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CHF--90% & most common
nephrotic syndrome constrictive pericarditis acute atelectasis pulmonary embolism |
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pleural effusion
3. empyema |
infection in the pleural space
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pleural effusion
4. hemothorax |
chest trauma
blood in pleural space |
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pleural effusion
5. chylothorax |
tuberculous pleuritis
rheumatoid milky |
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signs of pleural effusion
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small: less than 200 ml
large: dullness to percussion massive-pushes to one side |
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pleural effusion x-rays
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more than 200 ml to see effusion on film
blunting of costophrenic sulcus crescentic line or meniscus white opacification |
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treatment for pleural effusion
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thoracentesis-below the upper level of effusion & immediately above the rib
tracheal/mediastinal shift tube thoracostomy-5 or 6 interspace at midaxillary line fibropurulent & organized stages- "peel" |
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pneumothorax
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separation bet visceral & paretial pleurae by air
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1. primary spontaneous
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often tall thin boys
rupture of subpleural apical blebs smoking |
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2. secondary spontaneous
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lung disease
other lung diseases: TB, cystic fibrosis, asthma/COPD catamenial: onset of menses & intrathoracic endometriosis |
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3. traumatic
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trauma
iatrogenic causes pulmonary barotrauma |
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4. tension
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positive interpleural pressure
tracheal or mediastinal shift hypotension widespread hyperresonance or tympany |
