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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pharyngitis
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sore throat; non specific inflammatory response to toxins or pathogens and usually is a symptom of a viral infection
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Tonsillitis
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inflammation of the tonsils; streptococcus pyogenes
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Streptococcal pharyngitis (Strep throat)
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URT
bacteria: streptococcus pyogenes symptoms: severe and sudden sore throat, fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes and tonsils, beefy red appearance to pharyngeal tissues transmission: respiratory droplets treatment: PCN prevention: good hand hygiene |
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Scarlet fever
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URT
complication of strep throat bacteria: streptococcus pyogenes symptoms: pink-red rash on the neck, chest and soft-skin areas of arms,strawberry-like inflamed tongue transmission: respiratory droplets treatment: PCN or clarithromycin prevention: good hygiene |
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Rheumatic fever
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serious complication of strep throat; fever and joint pain, permanent scarring and distortion of heart valves (rheumatic heart disease)
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Acute glomerulonephritis
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complication of strep throat; rare inflammatory response to specific types of M proteins; antigen-antibody complexes accumulate in the glomerulus and can cause progressive, irreversible renal damage in adults
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Diphtheria
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URT
bacteria: corynebacterium diphtheriae (aerobic, club-shaped, gram+ rod) symptoms: sore throat and low grade fever transmission: respiratory droplets treatments: PCN, erythromycin prevention: DTaP vaccine *produces pseudomembrane that can build up on tonsils or pharynx |
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Epiglottitis
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URT
bacteria: haemophilus influenzae or streptococcus pneumonia symptoms: severe throat pain, fever and muffled voice, stridor (wheezing sound) transmission: respiratory droplets treatment: intravenous antibiotics prevention: Hib vaccine |
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Acute sinusitis
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URT
bacteria:various indigenous microbiota symptoms:pain, tenderness, swelling of sinuses, yellow or green pus discharge from nose, fever, chills treatment: nasal sprays, antibiotics prevention: minimizing contact with individuals with colds |
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Chronic sinusitis
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acute sinusitis can develop into a chronic condition; symptoms are more subtle and pain occurs less often
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Otitis externa
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URT
bacteria: streptococcus, staphylococcus, pseudomonas symptoms: itching, ear pain transmission: contaminated water treatment: antibiotic ear drops *swimmer's ear |
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Acute otitis media
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URT
bacteria: s. pneumoniae, h. influenzae symptoms: ear pain, red bulging eardrum transmission: airborne contact treatment: wait and see, antibiotics prevention: limiting time in childcare |
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Chronic otitis media
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URT
long-term infection, inflammation and damage to the middle ear; global cause of hearing impairment and effects on language, auditory and cognitive development |
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biofilm
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antibiotic-resistant colonizations of bacteria that attach to surfaces and form a slime-life defensive barrier
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Acute bacterial meningitis
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URT
bacteria: neisseria meningitidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae type b symptoms: fever, stiff neck, sever headache, vomiting and nausea, sensitivity to light transmission: respiratory droplets treatment: antibiotics prevention: vaccination |
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meningococcal meningitis
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bacteria: neisseria meningitidis
aerobic, gram-, diplococcus *consists of influenza-like infection called meningococcal pharyngitis |
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pneumococcal meningitis
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bacteria: streptococcus pneumoniae
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haemophilus meningitis
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bacteria: haemophilus influenzae Type b
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meningococcemia
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organism invades into the non ciliated epithelium and spread to the blood casing rapid multiplication of the bacterial cells
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Pertussis (Whooping cough)
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LRT
bacteria: bordetella pertussis (aerobic, gram- rod) symptoms: malaise, low-grade fever, severe cough transmission: respiratory droplets treatment: erythromycin prevention: DTaP, Tdap vaccine 1st stage= catarrhal stage 2nd stage= paroxysmal stage paroxysms= rapid-fire staccato coughs all in one exhalation |
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Tuberculosis
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LRT
bacteria: mycobacterium tuberculosis symptoms (Active TB) cough, weight loss, fatigue, fever, night sweats, chills, breathing pain transmission: respiratory droplets treatment: antibiotics prevention: BCG vaccine |
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acid-fast
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organism that resists decolorization in gram staining; acid-resistant (ex: mycobacterium tuberculosis)
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miliary tuberculosis
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active tubercles spread throughout the body (the tiny lesions resemble millet seeds in bird food)
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infectious bronchitis
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LRT
bactera: mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydophila pneumoniae, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae symptoms: runny nose, sore throat, chills, general malaise, slight fever, dry cough transmission: respiratory droplets treatment: antibiotics prevention: flu vaccine, good hygiene |
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Pneumococcal pneumonia
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LRT
bacteria: streptococcus pneumoniae symptoms: high fever, sharp chest pains, difficulty breathing, rust-colored sputum transmission: respiratory droplets treatment: PCN, cefotaxime prevention: vaccine, hand hygiene |
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lobar pneumonia
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involvement of an entire lung
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double pneumonia
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both left and right lungs involved
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bronchopneumonia
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scattered patches of infection in the respiratory passages
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Other "typical" pneumonias
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LRT
bacteria: H. influenzae, S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae symptoms: chills, high fever, sweating, shortness of breath, chest pain, cough with thick, greenish or yellow sputum transmission: respiratory droplets treatment: antibiotics prevention: good hand hygiene |
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"Atypical" pneumonia
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LRT
bacteria: mycoplasma pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila symptoms: headache, fever, dry cough transmission: respiratory droplets via water systems, whirlpool spas, air conditions systems treatment: antibiotics prevention: extreme cleaning and disinfecting of water systems |
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insidious
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referring to a disease with few or no specific symptoms
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myalgia
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pain in the muscles or muscle groups
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Q fever
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LRT
bacteria: coxiella burnetii symptoms: headache, fever, dry cough transmission: dust particles, contact with infected animals treatment: doxycycline prevention: vaccine for high-risk occupations |
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psittacosis
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LRT
bacteria: chlamydophila psittaci symptoms: headache, fever, dry cough transmission: contact with infected psittacine birds treatment: doxycycline prevention: keep susceptible birds away from the infecting agent |
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chlamydial pneumonia
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LRT
bacteria: chlamydophila pneumoniae symptoms: headache, fever, dry cough transmission: respiratory droplets treatment: doxycycline, erythromycin prevention: good hygiene |
