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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many electrons will nitrogen gain or lose when it forms an ion? |
Gain 3 |
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The ion that is the main electrolyte in the intercellular fluid of the body is the |
Potassium ion |
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Calcium is needed in the body for |
Bones and Teeth |
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With respect to a physiological saline solution, a salt solution having a concentration of 1.2% is |
Hypertonic |
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With respect to a physiological saline solution, a salt solution having a concentration of 0.7% is |
Hypotonic |
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The correct formula for the magnesium ion is |
mg2+ |
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A solution having a lower concentration than found in the cells of the body is called |
Hypotonic solution |
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A solution having a higher concentration than found in the cells of the body is called |
Hypertonic solution |
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The shrinking of blood cells placed in a hypertonic solution is called |
Crenation |
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One way to transport oxygen from the lungs to the cells is by |
Hemoglobin |
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What is the charge on a neutral atom if it loses 3 electrons? |
3 |
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According to the kinetic theory, particles of a gas |
Undergo elastic collisions |
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The collisions of gas molecules against the wall of a container is called |
Pressure |
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Inflating a balloon by forcing air into it is an example of |
Avogadro law |
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Inspiration, breathing in, is caused by |
Increase volume to chest cavity, and decrease pressure in chest cavity |
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The movement of gas from an area of high concentration of that gas to an area of low concentration of that gas is called |
Diffusion |
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Gases diffuse from an area of ___ concentration to an area of ___ conventration |
High, Low |
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Recognize the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood? |
Increase O2, Decrease CO2 |
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Recognize partial pressure in venous blood? |
Decrease O2, Increase CO2 |
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The solubility of a gas in a liquid |
Increases partial pressure of the gas above the liquid increase |
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For a chemical reaction to take place between reactants, they must |
Collide with proper orientation and have sufficient energy to react |
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Increasing the concentration of the reactants increases the rate of a reaction because |
It increase the properly oriented collision |
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Decreasing the temperature of a reactant will cause the rate of reaction to |
Decrease |
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Addition of a catalyst will cause the rate of reaction to |
Increase |
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The name for catalysts that are found in the body is |
Enzymes |
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Recognize characteristics of a base? |
Turn litmus blue |
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Recognize substances in solution are acidic |
HCI |
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A patient with a blood pH of 7.6 has |
Alkalosis |
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The chief buffer system in the blood is the |
Carbonate buffer system |
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When the concentration of carbonic acid (H2CO3) increases, it decomposes into |
H20 & CO2 |
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Which of the following is a characteristic of organic compounds? |
Insoluble water, easily decomposed by heat, reacts slowly |
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A carbohydrate that consists of many sugar molecules is called |
Polysaccharide |
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Glucose is sometimes referred to as |
Blood sugar |
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The normal concentration of glucose in the blood is |
70 - 100mg/100ml blood |
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A glucose concentration of greater than 100mg/100mL is called |
Hyperglycemia |
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The presence of glucose in the urine is called |
Glucosuria |
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A person with type O blood can donate blood to a person with which blood type? |
Any blood type |
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A person with type AB blood can receive blood from a person with which blood type? |
A, B, O blood type |
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A plant or animal product that is soluble in nonpolar solvents are called |
Lipids |
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Fats have a higher percent of |
Saturated fatty acid |
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The only difference between the structures of different amino acids is |
The side chain group G |
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The arrangement of the atoms in the general formula of the amino acids is |
N-C-Cooh |
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The process of hydrolysis results in |
Covalent bonds that hold the amino acid together are broken |
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The disorganization of the protein structure in such a manner as to render the protein incapable of performing its function is called |
Denaturation |
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Heat denatures proteins by |
Causing the protein molecules to vibrate volenty |
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A globular protein found in the blood that carries molecules not soluble in the blood is |
Albumin |
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The reactant in an enzyme catalyzed reaction is |
The substrate |
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Coenzymes are |
Vitamins |
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The kingdom of one celled organisms is called |
Portista |
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Hospital acquired infections are called |
Nosocomial Infections |
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_____ infections occur in people with compromised immune systems |
Opportunistic |
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Understand the names of bacteria bacteria |
Staphylococcus aureus |
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Highly resistant forms of bacteria that develop in response to adverse environmental conditions are called |
Spores |
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The bacterial shape of cocci is |
Round or spherical |
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The bacterial shape of bacilli is |
Rod shaped |
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The term staphylococcus refers to cocci bacteria: |
In a bunch of grapes |
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Streptococcus refers to cocci bacteria: |
In long chains |
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A stain that allows for contrast to better illustrate the structure of bacterial cells is a: |
Differential stain |
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The guideline for specimen collection? |
- Collect before antibiotics begun - Use sterile supplies & containers - Collect from direct site of infection - Gather sufficient amount - Label appropriately & transport in time |
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If more than one organism is found in a culture, the culture is called: |
Mixed culture |
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Antibiotics that inhibit the replication of microorganisms and prevent the growth of organisms without destroying them are called: |
Bacteriostatic agents |
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A _____ contains no organelles and is basically a protein coat that covers a DNA or RNA strand. |
Virus |
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Viruses cause disease by: |
Destroying the host cell & making a favorable environment for the development of a secondary bacterial infection |
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The method of viral detection that involves the detection of the antigen of the virus is called |
Direct detection |
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The dormant form of a parasite is called a |
Cyst |
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A diseases caused by bacteria |
Rheumatic fever |
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A diseases caused by a parasite |
Malaria |
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Actively growing organisms are called |
Vegetive organisms |
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A dormant protective state of an organism is referred to as a |
Spore |
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A 10c increase in temperature will have what effect on the killing rate |
Doubles the killing rate |
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Immersion in boiling water for 15 min is not considered a true sterilization process because it |
Is ineffectual against many bacterial and fungal spores |
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The process of using steam and pressure in an autoclave kills |
Autoclave use steam/pressure to sterilize - Kills bacteria, viruses, fungi, & spores |
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The action of an alcohol used as a disinfectant action is due to its |
Acidity which dentures the cell proteins |
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An Advantage of using gamma radiation to sterilize substances? |
It generates excessive heat |
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A reservoir of infection is: |
Someone who carries a disease, but has no symptoms |
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A diseases that can develop from a fungal infection of the skin |
Ringworm |
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A person sitting next to you has the flu and sneezes but doesnt cover his nose. The next day you come down with the flu. The route of transmission is? |
Airborne |
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A rat climbs out of sewer near a picnic area and walks over some cookies unnoticed. A person ate a cookie and got sick. This is an example of |
Vector mechanical route of transmission |
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How long is it recommended that you wash your hands? |
25-30 seconds |
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The "standard procedure" when in contact with patients? |
- Wash hands before and after pt contact - Place used sharps in sharps container - Bag linen at bedside - Discard all saturated items in red waste bag
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You are assigned a Pt. in which there is a possibility for pathogen transmission by droplet spread or by dust particles. The PPE should be |
HEPA filtered mask |
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The type of personal PPE needed when entering a room in which the Pt. has a serious illness that is easily spread by large particle droplets would be.. |
Surgical mask within 3 feet of the Pt. |
