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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CBC, hemoglobin
hematocrit Significance of abnormal findings |
elevated levels (polycythemia) excess erythropoietin in response to hypoxic stimulus, poss. COPD, and high altitudes
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WBC, leukocyte
Significance of elevated levels |
Elevations indicate possible acute infections or inflammations, pneumonia, meningitis, tonsillitis, or emphysema
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WBC, leukocyte,
significance of decreased levels |
overwhelming infection, autoimmune disorder, immunosuppressant therapy
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Differential: neutrophils
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Elevations: poss. acute bact. infection (pneumonia), COPD, inflammatory conditions (smoking)
Decreased: possible viral disease (influenze) |
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eosinophils
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elevations: possible COPD, asthma, allergies
Decreased: pyogenic infections |
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Basophils
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elevations: possible inflamm. seen in chronic sinusitis, hypersensitivy reactions
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lymphocytes
monocytes |
elev: poss. viral infection, pertussis, infectious mononucleosis
decreased: during corticosteroid therapy |
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ATB:
PaO2 83-100mmHg |
elev: possible excessive O2 administration
decr: poss COPD, asthma, chronic bronchitis, cancer of bronchi & lungs, cystic fibrosis, rDS, anemias, atelectasis, or any other cause of hypoxia |
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ATB:
PaCO2 females: 32-45 males: 35-48 |
elevations: poss. COPD, asthma, pneumonia, anesthesia effects or use of opioids (respiratory acidosis)
decreased: hyperventilation/respiratory alkalosis |
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pH
7.35-7.45 60-90yrs 7.31-7.42 |
elevations: metabolic or respiratory alkalosis
decreased: metabolic or respiratory acidosis |
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HCO3-
22-26 mEq/L |
elevations: poss. respir. acidosis, compensation for primary metabolic alkalosis
decreased: poss. resp. alk. compensation for primary metabolic alkalosis |
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SaO2
94-98% older adults may be slightly lowers |
decreased levels possible impaired ability of Hgb to release O2 to tissues
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Gram stain
negative normal |
presence of gram + or - bacteria indicates type of microorganisms causing resp. infection
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culture & sensitivity
negative normal |
presence of microorganisms indicate resp. infection: pneum. or bronchitis
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acid fast stain
normal: no acid fast bacilli |
poss. tuberculosis
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cytologic tests
neg. norm |
poss. malignancy
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