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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is normal respiration for a dog? |
15-30 breaths per minute |
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what is normal respiration for a cat? |
20-30 breaths per minute |
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what are the clinical signs of upper airway trauma? |
bloody respiratory discharge and increased respiratory effort |
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what is subcutaneous emphysema? |
air under the skin |
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what are the clinical signs or subcutaneous emphysema? |
increased upper airway noise |
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what are some respiratory emergencies caused by trauma? |
pneumothorax, hemothorax, pulmonary contusions, diaphragmatic henia, and flail chest |
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what are the clinical signs for pneumothorax and hemothorax? |
rapid shallow breathing, poor or restricted chest expansion, respiratory distress |
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what are the clinical signs of flail chest? |
independently moveable segment of the chest wall |
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what is the difference between an artery and a vein? |
an artery pulses |
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what is the arterial blood gas? |
direct measurement of oxygenation of the arterial blood |
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how long after getting an arterial blood gas must it be read? |
Immediately |
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what are routes of oxygen administration? |
oxygen cage, oxygen hood, flow by oxygen, face mask, nasal oxygen, endotracheal oxygen |
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what can be done without an owners consent or accepting payment? |
oxygen and fluid therapy can be administered |
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how long before a patient gets toxicity of oxygen? |
12 hours |
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what are the clinical signs of hypoxia? |
tachycardia or arrhythmias, increases respiratory rate, open mouthed breathing, dyspnea, CNS changes such as excitiablity, motor ablilites, drowsiness, ataxia, and cold extremities |
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when is oxygen therapy primary used in? |
pulmonary edema, severe bronchopneumonia, upper airway disease in brachcephalic breeds, pulmonary trauma, shock, and collapse of lung lobes |
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what is a clinical sign of the collapse of a lung lobe? |
lack of lung sounds |
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what is oxygen over 20% considered? |
enriched |
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what is the adequate concentration of oxygen for animals? |
30-40% |
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when is nasal catheter induction used? |
when its for a brief periods to severely depressed animals |
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how often should you give intermittent mandatory ventilation? |
every 5 to 10 minutes |
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what are the complications of ventilation? |
temporary drop in blood pressure, alveoli rupture if pressure is too high, acid based balance is skewed, accidental anesthetic overdose |
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why do we keep cardiovascular patients on oxygen? |
we don't want the hear to work as hard |
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why must we check for pulse/heart beat asynchronicity? |
it cant be seen on EKG |
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what drug do we use for no heartbeat? |
epinephrine |
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what is sinus tachycardia? |
fast heart rate on inhale |
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what can cause sinus tachycardia? |
fear, anxiety, pain, hypotension, hypoxia |
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what animal is sinus tachycardia not normal? |
cats |
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what is cardiogenic shock? |
decreased cardiac output |
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what happens with poor perfusion? |
oxygen starved tissues |
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what are the protocols for hemorrhage? |
pressure bandage techniques, diagnostic procedures |
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what does weak vessels lead to? |
leakage, thrombosis and edema |
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what are the standard cardiovascular protocols and monitoring perfusion? |
monitoring hydration status, color of mucous membranes, skin tugor, CRT, urine output, thoracic auscultation, pulse rate, and temperature |
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what does the Doppler measure? |
systolic |
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what is the normal blood pressure range? |
75-90 mm HG |
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What is normal central venous pressure? |
0-5 cm h2o |
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what does 0 indicate in central venous pressure? |
hypovolemia, dehydration, or inadequate fluid therapy |
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what patients are at risk for arrest? |
respiratory difficulty, heart disease, severe hypothermia, multi organ failure, trauma, and shock |
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when is the most common reason for arrest? |
after anethesia |
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what is the first step for CPCR? |
call for help |
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what are the ABC's for CPCR? |
airway breathing and circulation |
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what are the breathing rates for CPCR? |
5:1 or 10:2 |
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what is atropine used for? |
low heart rate |
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what is naloxone used for? |
reversal agent |
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what is lidocaine use for? |
arrythmias |
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what is Lasix used for? |
pulmonary edema and acute kidney failure |
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what labs do we need to monitor with CPCR? |
blood glucose, lactate, packed cell volume, total protein, and electrolytes |
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how many breaths per minute should be administered when giving CPR? |
60-70 BPM |
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how often should you administer a breath when performing CPR? |
10-12 BPM |
