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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells extend to
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respiratory bronchioles
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Goblet cells extend to
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terminal bronchioles
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Type 1 pneumocytes function as
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gas diffusion
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The function of type 2 pneumocytes are
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surfactant production and precursors to type 1 cells during lung damage
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The function of Clara cells
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secrete a component of surfactant, degrade toxins, and act as reserve cells during lung damage
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What is the location of the pulmonary artery in respect to the bronchus?
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Right lung: anterior; Left lung: superior
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Foreign bodies are more commonly inhaled into which lung?
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Right lung
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At what spinal level does the inferior vena cava penetrate the diaphragm?
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T8
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At what spinal level does the esophagus and vagus nerve penetrate the diaphragm?
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T10
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What penetrates the diaphragm at T12?
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Aorta, thoracic duct, azygous vein
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The diaphragm is innervated by which spinal levels? Where does pain in the diaphragm refer to?
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C3, C4, C5; shoulder
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What are the muscles used for quiet breathing?
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Inspiration: diaphragm; Expiration: passive
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What are the muscles used for inspiration during exercise?
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External intercostals, scalene muscles, sternocleidomastoids
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What are the muscles used for expiration during exercise?
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rectus abdominis, internal and external obliques, transversus abdominis, internal intercostals
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What is surfactant, what produces it, and what is it used for?
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Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (lecithin); type 2 pneumocytes; decrease alveolar surface tension, increase compliance, decrease work of inspiration
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What are the important products of the lung?
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1. surfactant; 2. prostaglandins; 3. histamine; 4. angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE); 5. kallikrein
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