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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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COPD |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - spectrum of abnormalities, predominantly emphysema |
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emphysema |
Pathological increase in size of air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles. Airflow limitation not fully reversible, leads to air trapping, dynamic hyperinflation, V/Q mismatch and decrease gas transfer |
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chronic bronchitis |
daily sputum production for 3 months of 12 for 2 years. Mucous gland hypertrophy and hyper section of mucous with chronic cough. |
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Interstitial lung disease |
diverse group of respiratory conditions characterised by inflammation and fibrosis of the interstitium. Is an intrinsic cause of restrictive lung disease. Causes worsening hypoxia and resp failure with time, may develop pulm HTN and RHF. types: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2-3 yr prognosis), non specific interstitial pneumonia (9 yr prognosis), others causes due to: - autoimmune /CTD (RA, scleroderma, ank spend) - drugs (amioderone, bleomycin, MTX) - occupational/envronmental (asbestosis, mould, dust, smoking, birds) -sarcoidosis - post XRT Others |
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Asthma |
reversible airway obstruction 1. smooth muscle spasm 2. mucous oedema 3. mucosal hypersecretion Sx - wheeze, SOB, chest tightness |
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bronchiectasis |
Pathologic dilation of bronchi resulting in impaired clearance of mucous and chronic infection. causes: - congenital - Cystic fibrosis, kartagener's - acquired - chronic childhood infection (pneumonia, whooping, measles, TB) disease of impoverishment, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis |
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cystic fibrosis |
life shortening multi system autosomal recessive disease. Abnormal chloride conduction through CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) upsets Nacl balance needed for normal thin mucous, leads to thick mucous that can't be removed by cilia and chronic colonisation of airways by pathogens (pseudomonas). extra pulmonary manifestations: - nasal polyps - obstructed pancreatic ducts, decreased enzyme secretion, malabsorption of vitamin ADEK --> steatorrhea and malnutrition - diabetes from gland destruction - mec ileus in neontaes - infertility |
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sarcoidosis |
systemic disease characterised by presence of non caseating granulomas that heal with fibrosis unknown aetiology Pulmonary and extrapulmonory manifestations: - the lung (restrictive and airway obstruction) - CVS - heart block, restrictive CM, pericardial - CNS - seizure, bells palsy, dementia - eyes - uveitis - skin - erythema nodosum - liver spleen, lymph nodes, parotid Tx - pred and immunosuppression |
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kartagener's syndrome |
Autosomal recessive. Triad of bronchiectasis, sinusitis and situs inversus ( in 50%). Primary ciliary dyskinesia, immotile cilia syndrome |
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alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency |
A relatively common genetic condition, often undiagnosed. Predisposes to panacinar emphysema, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma |
