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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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surfactant ___________ compliance
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increases
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what gases are perfusion limited?
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oxygen
carbon dioxide NO2 |
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when is oxygen diffusion limited?
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exercise
emphysema fibrosis |
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what does the Bohr method calculate?
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physiologic dead space
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V/Q at apex?
V/Q at base? |
3 (wasted ventilation)
0.6 (wasted perfusion) |
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Haldane effect?
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in lungs
O2 loading make CO2 come off |
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Bohr effect?
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in peripheral tissues
H loading makes O2 come off |
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what does eating fats do for your respiratory system?
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decrease CO2 production
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what does a pneumothorax do to arterial blood gases?
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build up of PCO2
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what does 'bloater' mean?
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peripheral edema from pulmonary HTN
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findings of chronic bronchitis?
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wheezing
crackles (bloater) cyanosis |
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what decreases elastic recoil of the lungs besides alpha-1 antitrypisin deficiency?
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old age
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findings in alpha-1 anti-trypsin deficiency?
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panacinar emphysema
LIVER CIRRHOSIS |
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findings in emphysema?
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dyspnea (puffer)
decreased breath sounds tachycardia decreased I/E ratio |
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intrinsic asthma is found in...
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adults
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dilated airways?
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bronchiectasis
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major cause of bronchiectasis?
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bronchial obstruction
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honeycomb lung?
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idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis aka DIP
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Birbeck granules?
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eosinophilic granuloma
(a restrictive lung disease) |
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pneumothorax and pleural effusion are considered _____________ lung disease.
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restrictive.
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in a tension pneumothorax, trachea deviates...
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away from lesion.
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flow volume curve in obstructive disease is...
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scooped out and shifted left
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radial traction from fibrosis _________ airway resistance
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decreases
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flow volume curve of restrictive disease is...
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shifted right
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hallmark of obstructive disease?
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decreased FEV1/FVC ratio
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who gets asbestosis?
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ship builders and plumbers
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ivory white pleural plaques?
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asbestosis
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surfactant ____________ surface tension, preventing alveolar collapes
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decreases
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what is surfactant?
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dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine
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respiration is possible after week ______
surfactant is made abundantly after week ________ |
25
35 |
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maternal diabetes is associated with...
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neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
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what is histologically identical to sarcoid?
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berylliosis
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ectopic hormone production of small cell lung cancer?
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ADH
ACTH |
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ectopic hormone production of squamous cell carcinoma?
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PTH
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lung cancer on pre-existing scars?
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adenocarcinoma (most common type)
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where are carcinoid tumors found?
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main bronchi
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lung metastases?
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brain
bone liver |
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complication of lung cancer?
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superior vena cava, pancoasts, Horner's, Endocrine, Recurrent laryngeal n., PLEURAL/PERICARDIAL EFFUSIONS
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CEA positive and Kras oncogenes?
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adenocarcinoma
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poor prognosis lung cancer?
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large cell carcinoma
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what bugs cause bronchopneumonia?
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S. aureus
H. flu Klebsiella S. pyogenes |
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which leukotriene is a neutrophil chemotactic agent?
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LTB4
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which PG decreases uterine tone?
which PG increseases uterine tone? |
PGI
PGE and PGF |
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mechanism of theophylline?
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inhibits phosphodiesterase
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mechanism of corticosteroids?
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inactivate NF-Kb
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mechanism of beta agonist on the lungs?
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increase cAMP, which causes bronchodilation
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order of beta agonist potency?
order of alpha agnoist potency? |
iso>Epi>NE
Epi>NE>iso |
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what does adenosine do the lungs?
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bronchoconstrict
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what is Cheyne-Stokes breathing?
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tidal volume interrupted by periods of apnea
drug overdose, hypoxia, CNS depression |
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self-arousal with which apnea?
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obstructive
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what is a tension pneumothorax?
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a flap of tissue traps air in, trachea deviates away
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how does aspirin induce asthma?
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decreases COX, allowing LOX to take over
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direct release of bronchoconstrictors in ________ asthma
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occupational
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what is non-atopic or non-reaginic asthma?
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post viral URI
decreased vagal threshold |
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responsive to steroid treatment?
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DIP/IPF
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what condition should you check for in asthmatics on chronic steroids?
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diabetes
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