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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1
Breath Sounds |
Wheezes
a) Sonorous - deep & low on expiration Etiology: Secretions & Tumors b) Sibilant - Inhilation/exp - high pitch Etiology: asthma & bronchospasm Crackles a) Course - large bronchi - course Etiology: COPD b) Fine - soft in avioli Etiology: Pneumonia & bronchitis |
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2
Hypoxia Sygns & Symptoms 87,78,486,491 |
Def: Inadequate 02 sat of RBC's & Tissue.
Cause: Altitude, sickness, lung disease, smoking Signs: Poor coordination - rapid breathing - poor judgment - cyanosis - lethargy. Symptoms: hot/cold flashes - mental muscle weakness - headache - air hunger - nausia - dizziness - euphoria - tingling - visual impairment. |
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3
Dyspnea Causes & Relief 486-495 |
Def: Labored breathing
1) Causes = Pulmonary & cardiac disorders - decreased compliance - neuro muscular disorder - exercise 2) Relief = Pursed breathing - lighter exercise - Tx underlying cause |
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4
Orthopnea Definition & Sound 486-495 |
Def: Unable to breathe unless sitting up or forward.
Causes: usually COPD - smokers - lung disease - exercise Sound = High pitched on inhalation - partially blocked airway (stridor) |
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5
Incentive Spirometry Def & Indications 635-640 |
Def: deep breathing & visual feedback = max lung inflation - prevents atelectasis & pneumonia.
Indications: especially after surgery abdominal or thoracic. |
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6
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Definition: Test to identify bacteria or fungi in lungs and/or breathing passages
Dx: helps Dx pneumonia - TB - influenza - cytomegalovirus (herpes) |
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7
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Normal Lung = Radio lucent (see through)
Densities Caused by = fluid - tumor - foreign bodies Post/Anterior View or Lateral |
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8
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Definition: Relieve bronchospasm by altering smooth muscle tone & reduce airway obstruction.
Metered Dose Inhalers - Nebulizers Drugs: a) Beta-adrenergic agonists = upper b) anti cholernergic agents = anti PNS (smooth muscle) |
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9
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1) Increase metabolism to open airways
Indications: COPD |
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10
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Definition: 2 compounds = surface - active lipo- protien comlex
Explination = hydrophyllic & phobic parts used to hold onto air while being a liquid. Example: CO2 & beer. Gas saturated in liquid. air trapped by water (soda water). |
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11
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1) adult 100-150
infants 80 children 100-120 2) no more than 10-15 seconds 30-60 seconds between every 2 hours or as needed. |
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12
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Definition: mechanically respirate to replace normal spontaneous respiration.
Indications: lung injury - apnea- ARDS - hypoxemia - hypotension (shock) Tidal Volume: air inhaled & exhaled/breath (500mL) Peak inspiratory Pressure: Pressure within lung @ end of inhalation. Assist Control: min # of breaths set. help Pt achieve full tidal volume. |
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13
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Chest Tube = Prevent collapsed lung.
1) Base line vitals with breath sounds 2) Check color of drainage. Check insertion site for infection. Encourage deep breathing and coughing. 3) Vasoline & Gauze & alert Physician. 4) a) Lung fully expanded b) no air leak developed with in 48 hrs. c) < 150 mL of drainage with in 24 hrs. |
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14
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1. Definition: Broncho spasms - narrow airways over production of mucus.
2. Signs/Symptoms: SOB - chest pain - wheezing - coughing. 3. Sibilant - on inhalation/exh - high pitched 4. Broncho dialators & expectorants |
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15
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1. COPD: chronic bronchitis (cough w/ mucus) & emphysema (destruction of lungs)
2. Cough w/ mucus - dyspnea - SOB - wheezing - fatigue - frequent respiratory infections. 3. Stop smoking - inhalers - steroids. |
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16
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Definition: Long term progressive destruction of lungs causes scar tissue to fill in for Fx tissue.
S/S: Cough w/ some mucus - low tolerance for exercise - pursed lip breathing - barrel chest - both from trapped air. Tx: Stop smoking - bronchodialators - steroids - antibiotics if infection is suspected. |
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17
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Definition: Genetic disease = Gene responsible for sweating - mucus & dgestive juices. Presents with over production in lungs & GI (mucus) as well as cysts on pancreas.
1. Lungs S/S - Coughing up mucus - congestion chronic pneumonia - sinus pressure. Tx - Antibiotics for repeat infections inhalers & expectorants - lung transplant - breathing Tx. 2. Bowel S/S - Stomach pain from severe constipation - increase gas - distended belly - clay colored, foul, floaty stool. Tx - Increase protein, increase calorie diet - pancreatic enzymes to help break down fat/fiber & protein (and absorption). |
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18
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Definition: Thrombosis that breaks off a vascular wall and travels through (r) side heart to the lungs. Embolis is caught in pulmonary capillary.
S/S = Chest pain on inspiration - palpitations - decreased O2 Sat - rapid respirations & HR - Cyanosis Tx = Thrombolysis - anticoagulant - surgery - streptokinase |
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19
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Definition: Respiratory syncytial virus common virus acts like cold.
S/S = Cyanosis - dyspnea - croup - wheezing Tx = fluids - O2 - humidified air - garlic - interferon |
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20
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Definition: Pressure outside of the lung exceeds the pressure inside causing the functional lung to collapse.
S/S = Dyspnea - chest pain - cough Tx = Re-expand lung - drain fluid or air - chest tube - percuss the chest w/ cupped hand - deep breathing exercises - lay on healthy side. |
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21
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Definition: Inflammation of lung due to infection.
S/S = Cold symptoms - fever - cough - cyanosis - pleurisy (sharp pain w/ deep breath) - crackles. Tx = Antibiotics - anti-fungal - breathing Tx - otherwise Tx = letting illness resolve itself. |
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22
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Definition: Bacterial infection mainly in lungs but can spread to other systems.
Testing = PPD (purified protein derivative) S/S = Clubbing - swollen lymph-nodes - fluid around lungs. Tx = 6 month drug cocktail. |
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23
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Definition: Surgery to remove a lung or lobe of a lung. Rib may also be removed for surgical access.
Indications = Lung cancer, TB Tx Complications = Risk for infection - respiratory distress |
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24
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Definition: Air leak = air between lung and chest wall in the pleural space.
S/S = SOB - 1 sided pain - hypercapnea - confusion - coma - falling BP Tx = Surgical procedure to remove air from chest cavity. |
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25
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Definition: Blood in the pleural space.
Cause: Trauma to the chest Effect: Cause pressure on trachea & mediastinum & crush the heart. Tx = Blood and clots must be surgically evacuated. |
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26
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Definition: Accumulation of fluid between lung and chest.
S/S = Chest pain - cough - sharp pain with cough & deep breaths - hiccups - SOB (rapid). Tx = Remove fluid & treat underlying cause. |
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27
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Definition: Inflammation of lung tissue causing an impared gas exchange leading to hypoxia - cyanosis - hypercapnia.
S/S = Labored rapid breathing - organ failure - SOB - decreased BP. Tx = Mechanical vent - PEEP |
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28
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Definition: Pneumonia caused by yeast like fungus. Usually in people w/ cancer & AIDS.
S/S = Non-productive cough (thick sputum) - SOB - weight loss. Tx = Anti-biotics combined with steroids. |
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29
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Definition: Abnormal build up of fluid in air sacs of lung.
S/S = Anxiety - SOB - air hunger - dyspnea - frothy cough - nasal flaring. Tx = O2 saturation - diuretics |
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30
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Definition: High BP in arteries of the lungs. Right side of heart must work harder.
S/S = Chest pain - restlessness - fainting - leg swelling - SOB - weakness. Tx = No cure. Tx underlying disease. |
