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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What size if the chest of a dead individual in relation to their lung capacity
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80% of lung capacity
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Most of the work of breathing is due to what?
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static lung resistance
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What is the forced expiratory volume of 1 second in a normal individual? FEV3?
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1 - 80%
3 - 95% |
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What kind of lung issue has above normal TLC
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obstructive lung dz
COPD - dont use diaphragm anymore because of hyperflation. Rely on intercostals, thus very barrel chested |
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most fresh gas from a breath goes to which alveoli
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the base of the lung
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Where are alveoli the largest?
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at the apex of the lung
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use of Wedge Pressure (Ppw)
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left ventricular preload. its a sensitive index to assess left ventricular decompensation in patients with CHF
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a Ppw above 18 indicates what
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low LV stroke volume, pulmonary venous blood stagnates in LA
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what is a recruited capillary
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one that is open
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what is the cause of non-uniform pulmonary blood flow
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gravity
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What causes zone 2 to expand upwards?
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systole, also inspiration
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What does positive pressure ventilation do to the lung zone boundaries?
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pushes them down
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when does perfusion occur during positive pressure ventilation
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during expiration
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Where are PDAs most common?
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very high altitude
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edematous cuffing
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creates a sleeve of fluid that prevent vessel dilation even if smooth muscle cells within walls are relaxed
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What do arterioles in response to
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dilates to improve blood flow
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what is the normal pulmonary response to ambient hypoxia
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pulmonary hypertension
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define a shunt
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any unit of the lung that is getting blood but not ventilation will have a V/Q ratio of 0
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pulmonary embolism leads in an increase in
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dead space
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what blowing out, what equates to alveolar CO2?
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end-expiratory CO2
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a high (A-a)PO2 means what?
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above 18
means a significant shunt is present (suggests a very low Va/Q) or diffusional failure |
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Why does CO2 travel across the aveolas membrane under lower pressures (more rapidly) than O2
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greater solubility
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for all of us, what carbon monoxide is limited in what way?
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diffusion
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If ventilation and perfusion are normal but arterial O2 is low, what must be the problem?
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shunt
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Sighing and shunts
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rest lead to collapse of aveoli. Sighing is a natural physiological function to open collapsed aveoli, which in being collapsed have created shunts
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Where should be the highest O2 content in your body
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the blood leaving a properly operating alveolus
C'O2 |
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how do you get a shunt equation value of 0
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when end capillary O2 and arterial O2 are the same
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shunts at what % are life threatening?
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50%
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First line of treatment for high shunt level
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apply mechanical ventilation PEEP of +5cm
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