Respiratory 12-04-2014 Full

Front 1

1. List the processes that maintain a supply of oxygen and remove CO2 from the body.

Back 1

1. Blood-gas interface
2. Blood-cell interface
3. Ventilation - bulk flow
4. Perfusion – bulk flow

Front 2

1. Explain what is meant by the term ‘partial pressure’ as it relates to a gas mixture or a gas in solution.

Back 2

1. The partial pressure of a gas X in a gas mixture is the pressure that this gas would exert if it occupied the total volume of the mixture in the absence of other components

Front 3

Explain why deep sea divers are at risk from the bends.

Back 3

1. Forces more nitrogen gas into the body at a higher barometric pressure (depth) and then when a diver ascends the backflow causes nitrogen gas to exit the body

Front 4

Explain the difference between gas partial pressure and gas content or concentration in solution.

Back 4

1. Partial pressure is the back flow and the gas content is the amount in solution

Front 5

1. Describe the primary factor that determines the rate of O2 and CO2 diffusion across the blood-gas and blood-cell barriers.

Back 5

1. Gas diffusion at blood-gas and blood-cell interfaces occurs down partial pressure gradients

Front 6

List the typical partial pressures of oxygen in the atmosphere, inspired air, alveoli, systemic arteries, cells, systemic veins, and pulmonary artery.

Back 6

1. Atmosphere – 159
2. Inspired air – 149
3. Alveoli – 100
4. Systemic arteries – 96
5. Cells – 4
6. Systemic veins – 40
7. Pulmonary artery - 40

Front 7

Be able to calculate the PO2 of moist inspired air at different barometric pressures.

Back 7

1. Barometric pressure – 47 X 0.21

Front 8

1. List the typical partial pressures of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, inspired air, alveoli, systemic arteries, systemic veins and pulmonary artery.

Back 8

1. Atmosphere – 0
2. Inspired air – 0
3. Alveoli – 40
4. Systemic arteries – 40
5. Systemic veins – 46
6. Pulmonary artery - 46

Front 9

Explain why ventilation and perfusion maintain a high rate of gas diffusion in the lung and tissues.

Back 9

1. Ventilation and perfusion maintain large gradients for gas transfer
2. Slow rate of Gas transfer is diffusion only
3. Fast rate of Gas transfer is a constant movement of blood via bulkflow helps maintain PP gradient

Front 10

1. Explain the benefit provided by hemoglobin for gas transport around the body.

Back 10

1. Increases the O2 content by binding 4 total O2 and aid with the gradient

Front 11

1. Describe the factors that affect the rate of diffusion of gases across a barrier, and be able to predict the effect of alterations in these factors on diffusion across the blood-gas barrier.

Back 11

1. Efficient gas transfer requires a thin barrier of large surface area (Fick’s Law)

Front 12

1. Describe the pathway for diffusion of oxygen across the blood-gas barrier.

Back 12

Surfactant to alveolar epithelium to interstitium to capillary endothelium

Front 13

Describe the course of blood flow through the pulmonary circulations

Back 13

1. Deliver 5L of blood per minute
2. Follow the bronchial tubes within the lobules
3. Found at the level of the respiratory bronchioles
4. About 8 um in diameter (RBC ~7 um)
5. Increasing in diameter
6. Follow the septa between lobules

Front 14

Describe the course of blood flow through the bronchial circulations

Back 14

1. Branch from thoracic aorta
2. Bring nutrient and oxygen rich blood
3. Many small branches anastomose with the pulmonary system
4. Return blood to the azygos drainage system

Front 15

1. Trace the flow of lymph through the above nodes and channels to the left or right subclavian veins.

Back 15

1. Lymph vessels form many larger vessels
2. Drain into the hilar lymph nodes
3. Three groups of vessels following – pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, bronchial tree to the respiratory bronchiole level
4. Drain into the hilar lymph nodes

Front 16

1. Describe how the structure of the lung is suited for efficient gas transfer.

Back 16

Large surface area with the aveloi and one cell thick to optimize gas exchange

Front 17

Identify and locate the lymph nodes and large lymphatic channels associated with the lungs

Back 17