Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Intercranial pressure |
Normal ICP is 5 - 10 mmHg. Recommend initiating treatment greater than 20 mmHg. Therapy to reduce ICP : hyperventilation, target PaCO2 =25- 30 torr Result in cerebral vasoconstriction -temporary Effect. Discontinue after 24 hours. |
|
|
|
Osmotic agents to remove fluid from the brain |
Mannitol. |
|
|
|
Cerebral perfusion pressure. CCP |
Normal value 70–90 mmHg Formula: CCP = map - ICP. |
|
|
|
Smoking pack years |
Packs per day x years. |
4packs/day x 20 years = 80 pack years |
|
|
Complete blood count CBC |
Red blood cell Normal value: 4- 6. Less than 4 Anemia, occurs with blood loss, hemorrhage. High RBC is polycythemia. Occurs with chronic tissue hypoxia (COPD) |
|
|
|
Hemoglobin(Hb) Normal value is 12 - 16 g/100mL
|
Low hemoglobin is anemia high hemoglobin has polycythemia |
|
|
|
Hematocrit(hct) |
Normal value is 40 to 50% Low hematocrit is anemia, high hematocrit is polycythemia. |
|
|
|
White blood cell WBC |
Normal value: 5000 - 10,000 |
Increased WBCs (leukocytosis) indicate a bacteria infection recommend antibiotics. Decrease WBC (leukopenia) indicates viral infection |
|
|
Electrolytes: potassium, sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, CO2 content. |
Elements required by the body for normal metabolism. Abnormal electrolyte levels indicate abnormal body functions, closely associated with fluid levels, muscle function cardiac and kidney function. Clinical application of electrolyte in balance: muscle weakness, soreness, nausea, mental changes such as lethargy, dizziness and drowsiness are all associated with the electrolyte in balance imbalance. |
|
|
|
Potassium |
Normal: 4.0 range 3.5 to 4.5 |
|
|
|
Sodium (Na) |
Normal: 140 range 135 to 145. Hypo natremia is low sodium, caused by fluid loss from diuretics ,vomiting ,diarrhea and fluid gain from CHF or IV therapy. Hyper natremia refers to high sodium, due to dehydration. Sodium is retained in exchange for potassium |
|
|
|
Chloride (Cl) Normal: 90 range is 80 to 100 |
Hypochloremia refers to low Cl (metabolic alkalosis) hyperchloremia chloride levels (metabolic acidosis) |
|
|
|
Creatinine Excreted by the kidneys Normal: 0.7 to 1.3 |
Evaluates kidney function, more specifically for kidney failure then the BUN |
Evaluates kidney function, more specifically for kidney failure then BUN |
|
|
Sputum Analysis amount of sputum: small,moderate, large, copious. The consistency: then, thick, tenacious, etc. The color |
Clear – normal mucoid – white/gray, chronic bronchitis. Yellow – presence of wbc bacteria infection. Green – stagnant sputum, Graham negative bacteria (bronchiectasis, pseudomonas) Brown/dark – old blood aerobic lung infection. Bright red - hemoptysis(bleeding tumor, TB) Pink frothy - pulmonary Edema |
|
|
|
People sign on x-ray |
Croop |
|
