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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is negative intrathoracic pressure
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-partial vacuum within the thorax
-keeps the lungs directly associated with the thoracic wall -when thorax expands, it expands the lung volume and allows air to enter -helps pull blood into the veins of the thorax and helpfill the atria of the heart |
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what is pnuemothorax
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when are leaks into the thorax and diaphragm
-negative intrathoracic pressure may become compromised |
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what is inspirattion
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the process of drawing air into the lungs
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describe inspiration
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-power provided by diaphragm and external intercostal muscles
-diaphragm flattens upon inspiration -external intercostal muscles pull up and forward to expand the thoracic volume |
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what is expiration
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the process of moving air out of the lungs-exhalation
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describe expiration
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power provided by internal intercostal and abdominal muscles
-intercostal muscles are oriented to pull and rotate the ribs back to decrease thoracic volume |
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what role do abdominal muscles play in expiration
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contract and push abdominal organs against the diaphragm to restore the dome shape and decrease thoracic volume
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tidal volume
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volume of air exchanged during one breath
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minute volume
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volume of air exchanged during one minute of breathing
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residual volume
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volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximum expiration
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vital capacity
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maximum amount of air that can be expired after a maximal inspiration
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describe teh exchanging of gases in alveoli
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oxygen and co2 diffuse through the capillary and alveolar walls down their concentration gradients
-co2 moves from the blood into the alveoli and the oxygen from air in the alveoli into the blood |
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blood flowing through the capillaries has a much _______ concentration of CO2 and a much _____________ concentration of oxygen
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higher
lower |
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what affects the gas exchange rates in the alveoli
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-anything that increases the disstance the gas has to travel-edema in the lung
-factors that decrease hemoglobin ability to attach to O2 -increased temp -reduced pH -increased CO2 |
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what is hypoxic vasoconstriction
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-caused by an airway obstruction, causing deceased oxygen levels in the alveoli
-decrease in the blood circulating through the parts in the lung not allowing good gas exchange - |
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what would happen if the body did not go through hypoxic vasoconstriction
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half the blood circulating through the body would have low oxygen and high CO2 levels
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what is the major problem with hypoxic vasoconstriction
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in situations of hypoxia (such as high altitude), it creates overall vasoconstriction on the lungs
-increase in vascular constriction -results in pulmonary hypertension |
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what is the total pressure of a mixture of gases
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sum of pressures of each individual gas
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what is a partialpressure
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individual pressure of an individual gas
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