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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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accessorymuscles
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Any of the muscles of the neck, back, abdomen that assist the diaphragm and internal/external intercostal muscles with respiration
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adventitious breathsounds
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Added sounds that are not normally heard in the lungs. Heard as being superimposed on the breath sounds. Caused by moving air colliding with secretions in the tracheobronchial passageways or by the popping open of previously deflated airways.
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Crackles
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Loud, low-pitched,bubbling and gurgling sounds that start in early inspiration and may be present in expiration. Sounds like opening a Velcro fastener.
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Angle of Louis
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The articulation of the manubrium and body of the sternum, and it is continuous with the second rib.
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apnea
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Suspension of external breathing.
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atelectasis
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Collapsed shrunken section of alveoli, or an entire lung as a result of (1) airway obstruction, the alveolar air beyond it is gradually absorbed by the pulmonary capillaries, and the alveolar walls cave in. (2) compression of the lung, (3)lack of surfactant (hyaline membrane disease)
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bradypnea
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Slow breathing. A decreased but regular rate (<10/min)
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bronchovesicular
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A normal type of breathing sound -Pitch: Moderate -Amplitude: Moderate
-Duration: Inspiration = expiration -Quality: Mixed - Location: Over major bronchi, where fewer alveoli are located: posterior,between scapulae especially on right; anterior, around upper sternum in first and second intercostal space |
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crepitus
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Coarse crackling sensation palpable over the skin surface. Occurs in subcutaneous emphysema when air escapes from the lung and enters the subcutaneous tissue
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cyanosis
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Blueish colour of skin. Occurs with Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, tissue hypoxia
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dyspnea
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SOB or breathlessness. Subjective experience of breathing discomfort
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fremitus
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Palpable vibration.
Sounds generated from the larynx are transmitted through patent bronchi and through the lung parenchyma to the chest wall, where you feel them as vibrations -Symmetry is importan t -Between the scapulae, stronger fremitus on R.side vs L.side b/c R.side closer to bronchial bifurcation > |
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friction rub
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a dry, grating sound heard with a stethoscope during auscultation. (E.g. Pleural Friction Fremitus: Produced when inflammation of the parietal or visceral pleura causes a decrease in the normal lubricating fluid. Then the opposing surfaces make a coarse grating sound when rubbed together during breathing)
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hemoptysis
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Productive cough for 3 months of the year for 2 years in a row (chronic bronchitis)
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hyperpnea
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Abnormally deep & rapid breathing. E.g. during exercise
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hyperresonance
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a lower-pitched, booming sound found when too much air is present
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hypoxia
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Region of body is deprived of adequate oxygen
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orthopnea
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Difficulty breathing when supine. State # of pillows needed to achieve comfort (e.g. 2-pillow orthopnea)
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paroxsysmal nocturnal dyspnea
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Awakening from sleep with SOB and needing to be upright to achieve comfort
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pleural effusion
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Collection of excess fluid in the intrapleural space, with compression of overlying lung tissue. -Effusion may contain watery capillary fluid (transudative), protein (exudative), purulent matter (empyemic), blood (hemothorax), or milky lymphatic fluid (chylothorax). -Gravity settles fluid in dependent areas of thorax. -Presence of fluid subdues all lung sounds.
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resonance
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Low-pitched, clear, hollow sound that predominates in healthy lung tissue
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respiratory excursion
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a measurement of distance between the base of the lungs on inspiration and expiration as the diaphragm recoils
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stridor
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High pitched inspiratory crowing sound heard without the stethoscope, occurring with upper airway obstruction
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tachypnea
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Rapid, shallow breathing (>24/min). Common w/fever, exercise, fear
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thoracic kyphosis
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Exaggerated posterior curvature of the thoracic spine (humpback)
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vesicular
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A normal type of breathing sound
-Pitch: Low -Amplitude: Soft -Duration: Inspiration > expiration -Quality: Rustling (sound of wind in trees) -Location: Over peripheral lung fields, where air flows through smaller bronchioles and alveoli pan |
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vital capacity
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the maximum amount of air that a person can expel from the lungs after first filling the lungs to maximum it
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wheeze Lung sound
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-High Pitched: musical squeaking sounds that sound polyphonic (multiple notes as in a musical chord); predominate in expiration but may occur in both exp/inspiration -Low pitched: monophonic single note, musical snoring, moaning sounds; heard throughout the cycle but predominant on expiration
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