Respi Gross Ana

Front 1

-identify the important structures related to the trachea and primary bronchi and their position in the mediastinum

Back 1

trachea is the trunk of tracheobronchial tree in superior mediastium

Front 2

-- Trace ramification of bronchial tree as lead to bronchopulmonary segments

Back 2

+trachea -> l/r main bronchi (roots in lungs) -> lobar bronchi (2l, 3r) -> segmental bronchi which suply bronchopulmonary segments

Front 3

--describe orientation of primary bronchi and anatomical basis of location of aspirated foreign bodies

Back 3

Because the right bronchus is wider and shorter and runs more vertically than the left bronchus, left travels inferolaterally

Front 4

describe features of bronchopulmonary segments and their clinical significance

Back 4

+anatomical, functional, sugrical unit of lungs, pyramidal, separated by tissue septa,
+supplied independetly by segmental/tertiary bronchus and tertiary branch of pulmonary artery
-named by segmental bronchus
-drained by pul vein along septa

Front 5

Differentiate right from left lung

Back 5

+ L lung: olique fissure, no horizontal, deviates from R lung at anterior border laterally at 4th costal cartilage to extend variable distance beyond lateral margin to form CARDIAC NOTCH
+groove for descending aorta, aortic arch bridge, PV, PA, lobar bronchia
+cardiac notch- heart displacement
+lingula- tongue, hugs part of heart like middle lobe of right lung
+ R lung: larger, horizontal and oblique fissures, dome of diaphragm at T8, shorter bc liver, broader and wider
+groove for sup/inf vena cava, azygos arch bridge,

Front 6

--ID impressions made by adjacent structures on the mediastinal surface of either lung

Back 6

Left lung: cardiac notch = 4 CC , lingula- hug heart near middle lobe
Right lung: diraphgram higher on lieft b/c liver

Front 7

--Enumerate composition of the root of the lung and describe the relative positions of pulmonary arteries, veins, bronchi

Back 7

+ L: pv: ant/inf, pa: sup, pul lob/bronchi: central/poster
+R: pv: ant/inf, pul bronchi/lobar: cent/post, PA: ant to bronchus
----esparterial bronchus: sup- bronchus above pa @ root of hilum

Front 8

Describe blood supply, innervation, lymphatic drainage of component parts of respiratory system:

Back 8

+blood: PA: carry unoxygenated blood away from heart, from bifurcation goes l -> right, branches
PV: underneath arteries and anterior, branches into 2 each side, R side: blood -> up/ middle lobe, lower pul vein only drains lower
+ bronchial arteries: oxygenated blood- supply bronchi, left: sup lef bronchial, inf l bronchial from thoracic aorta, right: thoracic aorta, dained by pul vein
+bronchial vein: drain small bronchial areas, left: drain into accessory hemiazygos vein or to intercostal vein- > a.v.v then to sup. Vena cava, right: azygos vein
LAHI-RA

Front 9

Describe normal radiologic features of normal lung, noting translucnecy and ID lobes and fissures

Back 9

+ PA view:
+to get AP view, bbeind pt to plate, touch chest, structures appear very close to size, farther structures always appear larger, heart appears larger
+ Radioopqque: white area due to calcium or iron
+lung: air aooaers dark, if larger, pul vessels ligher
+ pneumothorax: lung tissues displaced creating large dark area w/out markings

Front 10

nerves of respi

Back 10

Nerve: pulmonary plexus: innverates SM of bronchial tree, pul vessesls, glands, located ant and post to lung roots
PNS: preganglionic fibers from parasym nerves from vagus nerve CN X
SNS: sym fibers from sym trunk, bronchodilator
Visceral afferent fibers: follow sympathetic fibers. Carry cough reflexes, bp, chemoreceptions,

Front 11

dvlpt tracheobronchial tree and lungs

Back 11

embryonic, pseudoglandular, canalicular, terminal/saccular, alveolar

Front 12

embryonic

Back 12

end of 3th-5th week, development proximal airways (to bronchial bud) ends w/ 2nd gen, starts w/ lung bud, muscoasl from endoderm, separatiion tracahea and esophagus

Front 13

pseudoglandular phase

Back 13

5-16th week, developtment of lower conducting airways and vascular supply
-bronchial buds form right to left 3/2, pentration into coelmic cai\vity, derived from splanic mesoderm, epithelial differentialion, forms terminal bronchioles

Front 14

canalicular phase

Back 14

17-24th week, birth of acinus, epithelial differentiation w/ dvlpt blood air barrier, surfactant syntehsis by type ii, lamellar bodies- phospholipids, glyo\cosaminogylcans, 3-6 alveolar ducts, simple cuboidal epithelium

Front 15

terminal sac

Back 15

25-37th week, alveolarization, subdivision of rudimentary saccules into subsac and alveoli , initiation of alveolarization, increase lung potential volume and SA, surfactant appears

Front 16

alveolar phase

Back 16

37th week-1 yr, continued alveolar proliferation and development, thinning of acinar walls, dissipation of intersitition, invagination of alveoli by pulmonary capillaries