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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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This drug inhibits the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators from mast cells?
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Cromolyn Sodium.
**Note: to be effective, cromolyn sodium needs to be administered before exposure to asthma precipitating factors. |
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This drug is an example of beta-2 selective agonist.
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Albuterol
Terbutaline Salmeterol |
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This drug is a beta-2-agonist that is short acting and has fast onset.
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Albuterol and Terbutaline
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What are some side effects of albuterol and terbutaline?
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Beta-2-agonists which can cause hypokalemia due to intracellular uptake of potassium.
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What is the drug of choice for acute asthma attacks?
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Albuterol
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These drugs are non-specific beta agonists that can be used to relax bronchial muscle.
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Epinephrine and Isoproterenol.
Side effects: tachycardia due to action on B1: anxiety, fear. Also used in acute asthma attacks! |
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This drug is a long acting agent used for prophylasis of moderate persistent asthma. It is long acting beta-2-agonist.
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Salmeterol.
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This drug inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase and this increases bronchodilation?
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Theophylline (Methylxanthine)
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What is side effect of theophylline, a methylxanthine?
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Narrow therapeutic index: cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity.
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This drug blocks muscarinic receptors, preventing bronchoconstriction.
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Ipratropium.
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These classes of drugs are given to asthmatics unresponsive to other therapies.
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Beclothmethasone, prednisone
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What is the mechanism of beclomethasone and prednisone?
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Inhibit synthesis of all cytokines.
INACTIVES NF-KAPPA BETA, the transcription factor that produces TNF alpha among other inflammatory agents. |
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What drug is the first line agent for chronic asthma?
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Beclomethasone or prednisone.
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What is cellular mechanism of Beta-2- agonists or beta agonists?
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Active adenylate cyclase by activating Gs and converting ATP to cAMP. So it activates adenylate cyclase, increase cAMP causing bronchodilation!!!
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What is the action of adenosine on bronchial tone?
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Causes bronchoconstriction!!! Theophylline also thought to block adenosine.
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What effect do muscarinic agonists have on bronchial tone?
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Bronchoconstriction.
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This drug blocks 5-lipoxygenase
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Zileuton
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This drug blocks leukotriene receptors.
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ZarfLUEKast MonteLEUKast
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This drug is a reversible inhibitor of H1 histamine receptor and cause sedation.
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1st generation:
1) diphenhydramine 2) dimehydrinate 3) chlorpheniramine |
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What is chlorpheniramine used for?
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Histamine H1 receptor blocker.
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What is the toxicity of diphenhydramine?
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Allergy, motion, sickness..
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What are toxicites of 1st generation anti-histamines (diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine, dimenhydrinate)?
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1) Antimuscarinic
2) Anti-adrenergic 3) Sedation |
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This drug can be used to treat allergy, motion sickness, and be used in sleep aid.
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Diphenhydramine
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What is MOA of loratidine?
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reversible inhibitor of H1 histamine receptors.
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What is MOA of fexofenadine?
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reversible inhibitor of H1 histamine receptors.
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What is MOA of desloratadine
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reversible inhibitor of H1 histamine receptors.
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What are the 2nd generation drugs?
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Loratadine
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What are the 2nd generation drugs?
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Fexofenadine
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This drug is an alpha 1-receptor agonist used to treat nasal congestion
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Phenylephrine
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This drug is an alpha 1-receptor agonist used to treat nasal congestion
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Pseudophedrine
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What is MOA of pseudophedrine?
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Block alpha 1 receptor.
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The major side effect of this drug is increased blood pressure?
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Phenylephrine
Pseudophedrine. |
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What is codeine used for in terms of cough?
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Supresses cough center. Opiod derivative.
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What is special about dextromethorphan?
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Opiod antagonist that does NOT cross BBB, so can suppress cough without causing respiratory depression. Commonly found in cold medication.
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