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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Antibiotic
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made from microorganisms and inhibits growth of other microorganisms
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Antimicrobial
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anything synthetic or biological that inhbits the growth of microoragnisms
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Antibacterial
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anything that inhibits bacterial growth
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gram negative bacteria
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have thinner cell walls but an outer membrane that prevents the penetration of certain drugs
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gram positive bacteria
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very thick cell wall, but no outermembrane to make it hard for drugs to cross
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Bacteriostatic antibiotic
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- inhibits bacterial replication, but the inhibition is reversed upon drug removal
- viability remains constant |
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Bactericidal antibiotic
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- the drug has an irreversible lethal effect on the bacteria
- generally effect only growing microbs, so dont use w/ statics! - viability ↓’s log w/ time |
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concentration-dependent killing
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- Maxing peak serum []’s will ↑ effectiveness and ↓ emergence of resistant strains
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time-dependent killing
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- there is not ↑ killing w/ ↑ []’s
- killing continues if [] remains above the MIC |
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Postantibiotic Effec
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- the persistent suppression of bacterial cell growth after limited exposure to an antimicrobial
– the difference in the time it takes for a culture to return to log growth after removal the antimicrobial when compared to an untreated control - usually more than 1.5 hrs and allows once daily dosing, esp w/ []-dependent |
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Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC
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- expresses Ab susceptibility
- defined as the lowest [] of Ab that prevents growth |
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antoagonistic
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- the combined MIC is higher
- penicillin and erythromycin |
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synergistic
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- the combined MIC is lower
- penicillin & aminoglycoside - trimethoprim & sulfa |
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mechanisms of genetic drug resistance
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- mutation and selection,
- plasmid transfer, most common - chromosomal DNA uptake and homologous recombination (common in Streptococcus, Haemophilus, and Neisseria) |
