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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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albuterol
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short acting β2-agonist
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terbutaline
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short acting β2-agonist
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levalbuterol
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short acting β2-agonist
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metaproterenol
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short acting β2-agonist
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pirbuterol
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short acting β2-agonist
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salmeterol
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long acting β2-agonist
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formoterol
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long acting β2-agonist
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short acting β2-agonist
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- best for acute exacerbations of asthma
- dont use chronically or you will get desensitization |
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long acting β2-agonist
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- good for excercise-induced asthma or nocturnal Sx
- only partial agonists, so less desensitization - typically only used w/ ICS |
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theophylline
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- inhibits cAMP PDE, to ↑ cAMP levels for dilation
- also blocks the receptors of adenosine an inflamm mediator |
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theophylline administration
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- best for prevention of exercise-induced and nocturnal asthma
- give orally and w/ a low theraputic index - a more specific one might be better |
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Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists mechanism
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- cause bronchodilation by relieving intrinsic para tone
- may also lessen promotion of mucous gland secretion |
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Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists uses
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- best for COPD
- can be used in older asthmatics w/ fixed airway obstruction |
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ipratropium
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Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist
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oxitropium
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Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist
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tiotropium
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- Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist
- selective for MI and M3 - doesn't get M2 which, so no ACh release |
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Glucocorticoids uses
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- best for long-term treatment
– the number and severity of bronchospasms are reduced and there are few SE’s – they ↓ the number of inflamm cells, ↓ vascular leakage, ↓ mucous production, and ↑ the number of B2-receptors |
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Glucocorticoids mechanism
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- regulate genes
- inhibits production of certain proinflammatory proteins - the production of lipocortin is increased |
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Glucocorticoids SEs
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- oropharyngeal candidiasis, hoarseness (dysphonia), and throat irritation
- potential adrenal suppression - decreases in bone mineral density in females |
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beclomethasone
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Glucocorticoids
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triamcinolone
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Glucocorticoids
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flunisolide
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Glucocorticoids
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fluticasone
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Glucocorticoids
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budesonide
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Glucocorticoids
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Cromolyn sodium
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- non-steroidal
- inhibit of mast cell degranulation - best for maintenance of asthma, esp. the young |
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nedocromil
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- non-steroidal
- inhibit of mast cell degranulation - best for maintenance of asthma, esp. the young |
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Leukotriene inhibitors
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- Leukotrienes are potent constrictors and inc mucous and influx of eos and basos
– good for maintenance - little toxicity, but interfere w/ p450 (warfarin and theophylline) – they work orally, but arent’ as effective as ICS for chronic |
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zafirlukast
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Leukotriene inhibitor
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montelukast
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Leukotriene inhibitor
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zileuton
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5-lipoxygenase inhibitor - grouped w/ leukotriene inhibitors
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Omalizumab
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- injectable (1-2 per month) Ab against IgE
- decreases ’s IgE binding to mast cells – $$ and effectiveness in severe asthma not fully established |
