Resp: Devo And Functional Anatomy Of The Lung

Front 1

2 parts of the respiratory system

Back 1

conducting and parenchyma

Front 2

conducting zone components

Back 2

nasal cavities
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles

Front 3

parencyhmal zone components

Back 3

respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs
alveoli

Front 4

describe the respiratory mucosa

Back 4

pseudostratified
ciliated
-goblet cells, basal cells
lamina propria with mucous and serous glands
-perichondrium/periosteum
-cartilage/bone

Front 5

what parts of the respiratory system are covered by respiratory mucosa

Back 5

nasal cavity - respiratory part
paranasal sinuses
nasopharynx
false cord
ventricle
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles

Front 6

nasal cavity - vestibule:
lining

Back 6

stratified squamous epithelium

keratinized to non-keratinized from external to internal

Front 7

nasal cavity - vestibule:
components

Back 7

-vibrissae: hairs that serve as filter
-lamina propria: hair follicles, ecccrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands
-middle and inferior conchae
-cartilage
-skeletal m
-skin

Front 8

nasal cavity - olfactory:
layers

Back 8

-olfactory epilthelium
-lamina propria: bowmans glands and olfactory nerves
-roof and superior conchae

Front 9

components of olfactory epithelium

Back 9

-pseudostratifiied
-no mucous glands!
-olfactory cells (bipolar neurosensory cells with non-motile cilia)
-chemoreceptors
-supporting cells (tall columnar with microvilli)
-basal cells (short conical)

Front 10

list of paranasal sinuses

Back 10

sphenoid
ethmoid
maxillary
frontal

Front 11

nasal cavity - respiratory:
layers

Back 11

-respiratory epithelium
-lamina propria: mucous and serous glands, loose irregular CT
-perichondrium/periosteum
-cart/bone

Front 12

colors of mucous and serous glands

Back 12

mucous: pale and pink
serous: bright pink

Front 13

paranasal sinuses characteristics

Back 13

-blind-ended cavities
-open into larger and more centrally located nasal cavities
-lined by resp mucosa with seromucinous glands
-cilia move mucous into nasal cavity to blow your nose

Front 14

pharynx:
collision of what?

Back 14

nasal tract
respiratory tract

Front 15

lining of the parts of the pharynx

Back 15

nasopharynx: respiratory mucosa
oropharynx: non-keratinzing stratified squamous mucosa

Front 16

layers of the larynx

Back 16

-epithelium
-fibrous CT with seromucinous glands and cartilages
-skeletal muscle

Front 17

epiglottis details

Back 17

-movable
-separates resp from digestive tract
-stratified squamous on antsup/lingual and inf/larygneal
-ciliated pseudostrat on laryngeal side

Front 18

false cord:
lining

Back 18

resp epithelium

Front 19

false cord:
components

Back 19

-resp epi
-lamina propria: fibrous CT, adipose CT, serous glands, mucinous glands

Front 20

ventricle layers

Back 20

resp epithelium
lamina propria:
-adipose CT
-fibrous CT
-lymphoid nodules
-serous glands
-mucinous glands

Front 21

true cord:
lining

Back 21

stratified squamous epithelium (better for stress/trauma)

Front 22

true cord:
layers

Back 22

-strat squamous
-lamina propria: fibrous CT (w/o glands)
-vocal ligament
-skeletal muscle (vocalis)

Front 23

larynx cartilages:
elastic

Back 23

corniculate
cuneiform

Front 24

larynx cartilages:
hyaline

Back 24

thyroid
cricoid

Front 25

larynx cartilages:
elastic + hyaline

Back 25

arytenoid

Front 26

trachea layers

Back 26

resp mucosa
lamina propria:
-seromucinous glands
discontinous C-shaped cartilage
-smooth m (posterior side only)
-adventitia (fibrous CT)

Front 27

distinguish trachea from bronchus

Back 27

location of smooth m.
t: no cartialge where there is smooth m
b: layer of muscle ABOVE (superficial) to the cartilage

Front 28

layers of bronchi

Back 28

resp epithelium
lamina propria
crisscrossing smooth m layer
submucosa - seromucinous/bronchial glands
-hyaline cartilage plates and fibrous CT
-adventitia

Front 29

how does bronchi change from proximal to distal

Back 29

densities of goblet cells and seromucinous glands decrease

cartilage goes from rings to insular or plate-like

Front 30

layers of the bronchiole

Back 30

-resp epithelium
-lamina propria: no glands or cartilage
-smooth m (crisscrossing bundles)

Front 31

bronchioles are devoid of

Back 31

cartilage and submucosal glands

Front 32

terminal bronchioles sit next to

Back 32

lung acinus (always assoc with a vessel)

Front 33

respiratory bronchioles details

Back 33

project outward from lumen of bronchiole
-signifies the beginning of the resp parenchyma

Front 34

how do bronchioles change from prox to distal

Back 34

pseudostratified ciliated columnar (widest)
to
simple ciliated columnal
to
simple ciliated cuboidal (narrowest)

scattered goblets
to
no musclaris mucosa or goblets

Front 35

bronchiole on microscope

Back 35

-discontinuous
-have alveoli attached so you see "holes in the wall" of terminal bronchiole on slides

Front 36

alveolar ducts arise from

Back 36

distal respiratory bronchioles

Front 37

wall of alveolar duct

Back 37

-appears to be just 2-3 rows of openings into adjacent alveoli
-separated by pillars of smooth m (tiny pink dots) and elastin that functions as tiny sphincters and maintain structural integrity (keep them open)

Front 38

lining of alveolar duct

Back 38

simple squamous with type I and type II pneumocytes

Front 39

type 1 pneumocyte

Back 39

-BM fused to capillary endothelium
-most diffusive gas exchange occurs through type I
-very thin cells

Front 40

type 2 pneumocyte

Back 40

-secrete surfactant
-mix of phsopholipids and proteins
-reduces surface tension and promotes alveolar stability at low lung volumes
-cuboidal scattered within type 1 cells

Front 41

alveoli lining

Back 41

simple squamous with type 1 pneumocytes

Front 42

alveoli details

Back 42

contain pores of Kohn to facilitate pressure equilibration and cellular communication with adjacent
-Macs within
layers:
-simple squamous
-BM
-endothelial
-fused BMs = resp membrane

Front 43

lobule

Back 43

sununit of lung bounded by CT septa
-smallest anatomical unir of lung with major airway, innerv, and receives blood from both ventricles
-3-10 acini
-2 cm in diameter

Front 44

what is contained within the interlobular CT sheath

Back 44

lymphatics
pulm veins

Front 45

lung acinus

Back 45

-smallest functional unit of lung
-all respiratory parenchyma distal to 1 terminal bronchiole
-pulmonary aa. parallel airways

Front 46

pulmonary aa location

Back 46

beside conducting zone airways of a similar size

Front 47

pulmonary aa transport

Back 47

deoxy blood from RV to alveolar capillaries via pulmonary arterioles

Front 48

alveolar capillaries drain

Back 48

reoxy blood to pulmonary venules which merge into pulmonary veins and fill LA

Front 49

bronchial aa. location

Back 49

next to airways but significantly smaller

Front 50

bronchial aa. role

Back 50

aortic branches that carry O2 blood and nutrients to resp parenchyma and also drain into pulm veins since there aren't any bronchial veins

Front 51

where are the bronchial veins

Back 51

in septum of lobule

Front 52

where are the lymphatics

Back 52

in interlobulae setpa that define lung lobules

Front 53

where are the nerves

Back 53

within CT adventitia surrounding larger airways

Front 54

what nerves can you find in the lung

Back 54

-parasymp: bronchoconstriction
-eff symp: bronchodilation
-aff visceral: transmit sensations assoc with airway caliber and pain (poor pain sensation)

Front 55

when is the conducting zone formed

Back 55

weeks 1-16

Front 56

when is respiratory zone formed

Back 56

weeks 17-24

Front 57

when is gas exchange organ formed

Back 57

week 28-postnatal

Front 58

what stage is week 17-28

Back 58

canalicular stage (acinar stage)
-gas exchange architecture
-type 1 and type 2
-cartialge extends to most distal bronchi

Front 59

week 28-34

Back 59

saccular stage
-alveolar sacs form

Front 60

embryonic stage timing

Back 60

days 26-42

Front 61

pseudoglandular stage

Back 61

week 6-16
-terminal bronchioles
-ciliated cells
-major vessels
-goblet cells
-seromucinous cells

Front 62

alveolar stage

Back 62

week 35 thru childhood
-inc epithelial surface area
-thinning of alveolar septal membranes
-growth will change in inc in diameter instead of number at 5 yo
(at birth: 50 mill alveoli; at 3-5 years: 300-600 mill)

Front 63

germ layers of resp system

Back 63

endoderm: epithelium
mesoderm: smooth m and cartilage
ectoderm: nothing

Front 64

week 3

Back 64

groove in primitive foregut originates

Front 65

week 4

Back 65

primoridal single lung bud

Front 66

week 5-6

Back 66

primary bronchi contribute to elongate and divide

10 seg bronchi on R
8-9 on L

Front 67

4th brachial arch:
nerve and muscles

Back 67

superior laryngeal nerve
-cricothyroid
-levator palatini
-pharyngeal constrictors

Front 68

6th brachial arch:
nerve and muscles

Back 68

recurrent larygneal nerve
-intrinsic laryngeal muscles