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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chronic bronchitis is most often associated with ......?
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smoking
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what triad of pathogens are associated with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis?
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H. influenza (nontypable), M. catarrhalis, and S. pneumoniae
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What is bronchiectasis?
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Characterized by irreversable dilated and thickened bronchi secondary to severe infections due to impaired mucus clearance, airway obstruction, or defect in host defense.
just like cystic fibrosis |
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what is the bacteria involved in lobar pneumonia?
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
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Homogenous involvement of a distinct region of the lung
Infection spreads between the alveoli until it is contained by the anotomic barriers X-ray produces dense areas in the lung due to consolidation (influx of fluid and neutrophils) |
lobar pneumonia
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what bacteria causes bronchopneumonia?
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Staph a.
(gram negatives) |
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what causes interstitial pneumonia? 2
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influenza, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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One or more areas of the lung are replaced by calcified cavities....what is this?
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lung abscess
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what causes lung abscess? 3
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Tuberculosis, fungal infections, and anaerobic bacteria
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for typical sputum culture, what will it grow?
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bacteria....
this is important because it will not grow Legionella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Mycobacteria, most fungi, viruses so you would need to ask for those cultures specifically |
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Bacterial vs Viral Pneumonia:
Onset |
Bacteria: Sudden
Viral: Gradual |
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Bacterial vs Viral Pneumonia:
Facies |
Bacteria: Toxic
Viral: Well |
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Bacterial vs Viral Pneumonia:
Cough |
Bacteria: Productive
Viral: nonproductive |
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Bacterial vs Viral Pneumonia:
herpes labialis |
Bacteria: frequent
Viral:rare |
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Bacterial vs Viral Pneumonia:
chest xray |
Bacteria: defined density
Viral: nondefined density |
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Bacterial vs Viral Pneumonia:
sputum |
Bacterial: purulent (bloody)
Viral: Mucoid |
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Most common cause of community acquired pneumonia
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pneumococcal pneumonia
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what are 4 predisposing factors to pneumococcal pneumonia?
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Sickle cell anemia
Hodgekin’s disease Multiple myeloma Absence of spleen |
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pt has a sudden onset of fever, bed-shaking chills, and rust colored sputum...what do they have?
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pneumococcal pneumonia
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what is a quelling reaction? used for?
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specific antisera reacts with organism and causes capsular swelling
strep pneumo |
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what is the preferred way to determine if you have strep pneumoniae?
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Strep pneumo antigen detection against capsular polysaccharide
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strep pneumo undergoes what hemolysis?
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Alpha (greening)
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what are the 3 important virulence factors for strep pneumo
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Pneumolysin – pore forming cytotoxin
Autolysins – lysis of S. peumoniae cells C substance (choline and teichoic acid) |
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What are the 2 vaccines for strep pneumo?
which do you use in adults, and which is for kids? |
Pneumovax - polysaccharide vaccine against 23 serotypes
Recommended for elderly and adults at high risk Prevnar - seven-valent polysaccharide-protein conjugate Recommended for infants, young children, and children at risk up to 5 yrs |
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homeless, alcoholics, and bedridden patients are more likely to be affected by this form of pneumonia.....
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Gram Negative Pneumonia: Klebsiella pneumoniae
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patient has currant jelly sputum...what do they have?
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Gram Negative Pneumonia: Klebsiella pneumoniae
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this pneumonia is most commonly associated with patients who are on a ventilator
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia
oxidase positive |
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patients who have cystic fibrosis are more likely to get pneumonia caused by what?
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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IV drug users can get bacteremia from what....
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Staphylococcus aureus
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