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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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common cold, acute bronchitis, and respiratory tract infections are caused by what? what are normally prescribed for them?
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MOSTLY VIRAL
yet ABX are normally prescribed! this shouldn't be! |
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what do bacteriostatic agents do
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inhibit growth and reproduction of bacteria without killing them
work with the immune system to remove microorganisms from the body |
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Concentration dependent killing
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Bacterial kill increases with increasing levels of drug
The drug concentrations is important, not the time above the MIC. More drug kills more bugs. May have a concentration-dependent postantibiotic effect (PAE) |
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Time dependent killing
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The period of time drug concentrations are maintained above the MIC is important
Time above MIC is variable & depends on pathogen, infection site and drug In general, drugs are maintained above the MIC at least 40-50% of the time between dosing intervals Higher concentrations of drug does not result in a greater killing of bacteria Tend to have minimal to no postantibiotic effect (PAE) |
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what are transposons?
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‘jumping genes’ - sticky ends
Can move from plasmid to plasmid or plasmid to chromosome |
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When is empirical therapy justified? (3 examples)
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neutropenic, febrile cancer patients and community acquired pneumonia
remember this is when you use a broad spectrum agent to treat an unidentified organism |
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Additive effect
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combined activity equals the sum of the separate activities
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Synergistic effect
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activity of the combined antimicrobial agents is greater than the sum of the independent activities
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Antagonistic effect
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activity of the combination is less than could be achieved by using the agents separately
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what is potentiation
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you have one drug that is inactive, until it is mixed with another, then it has an effect
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