Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what effect does histamine have on bronchial smooth muscle?
|
bronchoconstriction
|
|
|
are H1 receptor blockers effective in preventing/treating broncho constriction in patients with asthma?
|
NO
you would use epi or albuterol |
|
|
what do you use in general to treat people with bronchoconstriction (this was an early review slide...not sure if this is gonna be as specific as we get)
|
epi or albuterol
B agonists |
|
|
what affect does histamine have on arterioles?
how does ti do this |
vasodilation
releases NO from endothelial cells |
|
|
how does histamine cause edema
|
causes endothelial cells contraction and increases vascular permeability
|
|
|
what effect may histamine have on BP?
|
decrease
|
|
|
what effect does histamine have on mucocutaneous nerve endings
|
depolarization and itching and pain
|
|
|
Antihistamines do what?
|
block H1 receptors
|
|
|
Diphenhydramine is what kind of drug?
|
H1 antag
(1st generation) |
|
|
Meclizine is what kind of drug?
|
H1 antag
(1st generation) |
|
|
Fexofenadine is what kind of drug
|
H1 antag
(2nd generation) |
|
|
Loratadines is what kind of drug
|
H1 antag
(2nd generation) |
|
|
3 uses for antihistimines?
|
Allergic rhinitis
Acute urticaria Anaphylaxis |
|
|
describe histamines role in allergic rhinitis
|
|
|
|
What is the main histamine receptor involved in allergic rhinitis?
|
H1
|
|
|
what is the triple response in skin?
|
NO induced vasodilation ---> red bump
vessel leakage----->wheal axon reflex/peripheral vasodilation--->Flare |
|
|
What is the main histamine receptor involved in acute urticaria?
|
H1
|
|
|
Will H1 blockers treat the hypotension and bronchoconstriction associated with anaphylaxis?
|
probably not, give epinephrine
|
|
|
in the brain, what is the H1 receptors role?
|
H1 activation keeps you awake...
so if you use an antihistamine, you will be drowssyyyy |
|
|
how do anti-histamines work in preventing vomiting?
|
in the vestibular apparatus they block the H1 and M receptors (MORE THE M RECEPTORS!)
this blocks the vomit center! |
|
|
What are the two important differences between the first and second generation antihistamines?
|
2nd generation do not cross the BBB...thus they do not have the sedative effect
1st generation also has more antimuscarnic effects, thus they are better for stopping vomiting |
|
|
Clinical uses of antihistamines (1st and 2nd generation)
|
Allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis
Urticaria Angioedema – Supportive to epinephrine Serum sickness - Work, but epinephrine is drug of choice |
|
|
what histamines can be used as a sleep aid?
|
1st generation
|
|
|
what histamines can be used in motion sickness?
|
1st generation
|
|
|
what is the NON-drowsy antihistamine used for motion sickness?
|
Meclizine
|
|
|
antihistamines can be used to treat the common cold...why? what 2 things do they help with
|
1st generation have anticholinergic action that may relieve rhinorrhea and some have antitussive (anti-cough) effects
|
|
|
describe diphenhydramine and fexfenadine and how they act if you are considering driving...
|
Diphenhydramine---
Similar to driving with a blood alcohol level of 0.05% - 0.1% Fexofenadine --- Similar to driving with a blood alcohol level of 0.0% |
|
|
what histamines will give you Dry mouth
Blurred vision Dry eyes Urinary retention/hesitancy |
1st generation antihistamines... remember they hit the M receptors
|
|
|
1st generation antihistamines can cause acute poisoning...what can you use to reverse these affects?
2 |
For convulsions - diazepam
For anticholinergic effects - physostigmine |
|
|
Cromolyn, Alpha agonists, and Intranasal corticosteroids (INC) can all be used to manage what?
|
seasonal rhinitis
|
|
|
Montelukast is what kind of drug? What can it be used for?
|
Leukotriene inhibitor
used to manage seasonal rhinitis |
|
|
some histamines may be used to treat symptoms of Parkinsons...why?
|
1st generation drugs have Anticholinergic effect that is useful in Parkinsons
|
|
|
what is given Topically for temporary relief of pruritus and pain
(Minor burns, sunburn, minor cuts or scrapes, insect bites) |
diphenhydramine
1st gen H1 antag |
