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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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inhaled foreign body
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R lung
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Taut hemoglobin
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low affinity for O2
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when you're relaxed, you do a better job (at carrying O2)
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methemoglobin
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treat with methylene blue
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ferric Hg that doesn't bind O2 as well (binds CN-)
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carboxyhemoglobin
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CO
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left shift
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perfusion limited
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O2, CO2, N2O. diffusion can be increased if blood flow increases
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diffusion limited
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O2 in emphysema and fibrosis, CO. gas doesn't equilibrate by the time blood reaches the end of the capillary
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primary pulm HTN
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inact mutation of BMPR2. inhib vasc SM prolif. poor prog
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increased A-a gradient
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shunt, V/Q mismatch, fibrosis (diffusion block)
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hypoxemia with normal A-a gradient
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high altitude or hypoventilation
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apex of lung V/Q
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3 wasted ventilation
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base of lung V/Q
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0.6 wasted perfusion
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ventilation and perfusion greatest at the...
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base of the lung
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organisms that thrive at high O2 flourish in the ...
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apex
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V/Q infinite tx
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100% O2 improves
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zone 1
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PA>pa>Pv
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zone 2
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pa>PA>Pv
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zone 3
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pa>pv>PA
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bicarb component of CO2
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90%
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high altitude kidney
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increase excretion of bicarb
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homans sign
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DVT. dorsiflexion of foot leads to tender calf
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chronic bronchitis
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hypertrophy of mucus secreting glands in bronchioles. reid index is gland depth/total thickness of bronchial wall. copd>50%
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centriacinar emphysema
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smoking
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paraseptal emphysema
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young, pneumothorax
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asthma
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SM hypertrophy, Curschmann's spirals (shed epi from mucous plugs)
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asthma dx
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methacholine challenge
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eosinophilic granuloma in lung
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histiocytosis X
restrictive |
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coal miners lung
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cor pulmonale, calpan's syndrome. upper lobes, restrictive
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silicosis
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foundries, sandblasting, mines. fibrosis, TB susceptibility. eggshell calcification of hilar LNs. upper lobes
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asbestos
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ivory white calcified pleural plaques. lower lobes. golden brown dumbbells in macrophages
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low O2 tension in babies leads to
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PDA
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NRDS risks
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maternal diabetes, c section
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ARDS
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DAD. hyaline in alveoli
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obstructive lung dz has increased...
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TLC, FRC, RV
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lung CA complications
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SPHERE: superior vena cava syndrome, Pancoast tumor, Horner syndrome, endocrine probs, recurrent laryngeal, effusions
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lung SCC
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Sentral. Smoking. cavitation. PTHrP.
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keratin pearls and intracellular bridging
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lung adenocarcinoma
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peripheral. most common cancer in nonsmokers and females. bronchial or bronchioloalveolar.
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clara cells become type II pneumocytes. multiple lesions
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small cell (oat cell) carcinoma
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central. ACTH, ADH. L-E. chemo. inoperable.
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neoplasm of neuroendocrine Kulchitsky cells - small dark blue cells
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large cell carcinoma
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peripheral. anaplastic, poor prog, surgery, not chemo
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pleomorphic giant cells with leukocyte fragments in cytoplasm
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mesothelioma
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pleura. psammoma. hemorrhagic pleural effusions and pleural thickening
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pancoast
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in apex of lung, affects symp plexus, causing horners
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lobar pneumo
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pneumococcus, klebs
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bronchopneumo
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s aureus, h flu, klebs, s pyogenes
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patchy
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interstitial pneumo
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atypical
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RSV, adeno, myco, legionella,chlamydia. diffuse patchy, indolent course
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lung abscess
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s aureus or anaerobes
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H1 blockers, 1st gen
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reversible. diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlopheniramine
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use: allergy, motion sick, sleep aid
tox: sedation, antimusc, anti alpha adrenergic |
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H1 blockers 2nd gen
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reversible. loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetirizine
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use: allergy
tox: less sedating because less CNS entry |
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isoproterenol
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non spec B agonist. asthma
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tox: tachy
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salmeterol
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adverse effects: tremor, arrhythmia
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theophylline
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methylxanthine. inhibits phosphodiesterase, decr cAMP hydrolysis. asthma.
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narrow TI. cardio/neurotox. blocks adenosine
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ipratropium
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blocks muscarinics. asthma and COPD.
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cromolyn
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not effective during acute asthma. tox rare
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beclomethasone
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also prednisone. CS. first line for chronic asthma. inhibits NFkB and thus TNFa
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zileuton
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blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to LTs. asthma.
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zafirlukast, montelukast
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block LT-receptors. good for aspirin-induced asthma.
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adenosine
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bronchoconstriction
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guaifenesin
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expectorant, doesn't suppress cough
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n-acetylcystine
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mucolytic for CF (and tylenol OD)
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bosentan
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for pulm HTN. completely antags endothelin-1 receptors
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