Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Oropharynx in sleep apnea
|
principle site of obstruction in upper airway
mechanisms of obstruction: soft palat uvula base of tongue posterior pharyngeal lining pillars of fauces tonsils |
|
|
risk factors of obstructive sleep apnea
|
history of snoring/witnessed apnea
obestiy increased neck circumference hypertension family history narrowed upper airway |
|
|
fiber optic endoscopy of nasopharynx
|
endoscope through nose to observe site of obstruction
|
|
|
sleep apnea symptoms
|
excessive sleepiness
snoring apneic episodes choking or gasping nocturia tiredness upon awakening |
|
|
sleep apnea increases risk for
|
systemic htn
pulm htn cor pulmonarle brady/tachycardia sinus arrest heart block arrhythmias MI |
|
|
apneic episode
|
cessation of breathing for 10+ seconds
<5 episodes/hour is normal 5-10 is boarderline 10-20 treat regardless of symptoms |
|
|
Non REM sleep chracteristics
|
stage 1->4 see initial fast beta/alpha but then see slow deltas with high voltage
muscle decreases from stage 1 to 4 |
|
|
REM sleep
|
low voltage mixed frequency with rapid conjugate eye movements
background looks like stage 1 but has theta rythems called SAWTOOTH waves muscle tone is low or abscent, but get muscle twitches |
|
|
time between REM and NREM sleep
|
alternations - 90 minutes apart
|
|
|
obstructive vs central vs mixed sleep apnea
|
obstructive - no airflow but respiratory movements continue
central apnea - airflow and movements are both absent mixed - central component is followed by obstructive |
|
|
treatment of sleep apnea
|
laser assisted uvulopalatoplasty
CPAP - positive pressure keeps airway open |
