Resonance

Front 1

Vowels are

Back 1

The building blocks of our tone.

Front 2

Vocal tone is

Back 2

A chain of vowels which is only interrupted occasionally by consonants

Front 3

The role of the tongue

Back 3

The tongue plays the largest role in sharpening the resonators And the relationship between the oral and pharyngeal cavity.

Front 4

Three cardinal vowels

Back 4

[i] tongue high and back

[a] tongue low and front

[u] tongue high and back

Front 5

Nature of vowels

Back 5

They are unrestricted speech sounds

They are capable of being sustained

They normally are voiced

They are the basic components of tone

They have a definite shape and are formed by the articulators

Front 6

First three vowel dormant frequencies

Back 6

i 280 Hz 2250 Hz 2890 Hz

I 400 Hz 1920 Hz 2650 Hz

a 710 Hz 1100 Hz 2450 Hz

Front 7

Frequency is _____ as it rises

Back 7

Doubled

Front 8

What is vowel modification

Back 8

The supraglottic rotation of a vowel being sung towards a neutral vowel to maintain balanced registration and phonemic identity.

Closed vowels have open back and narrow front, low F1

Open vowels have narrow back and wide front, high F1

Requires stabilized larynx

Front 9

Three schools of modification

Back 9

1. As sounds mounts mandible opens, the lips tongue and zygomatic muscles are retained and the buccal space moves from lateral to more rounded, modification is more flexible therefore depends on the vowel tessiture and intensity level, vowel migrates to nearest neutral.

2. The pure vowel school that refrains from modifying entirely. This results in an open (voce aperta) timbre.

3. The third negates the purity of any vowel above the secondo passaggio, everything moves to a neutral or a.

Front 10

Does a louder tone require less or more modification

Back 10

More, a larger voice will require a larger sound resonator to accommodate the larger sound spectrum in overtones.

Front 11

Modification must be

Back 11

Gradual

Front 12

Smaller shorter space =

Back 12

Higher frequency

Front 13

Larger longer space =

Back 13

Lower frequency

Front 14

All formant frequencies lower as the

Back 14

Length of the vocal tract increases.

Front 15

All formant frequencies lower with __________ and raise with _________

Back 15

Lip rounding

Lip spreading

Front 16

Jaw lowering will

Back 16

Raise the first formant as it constricts throat where F1 is amplified

Front 17

Tongue constriction towards the mouth lowers the

Back 17

First formant and raises the second

Front 18

A pharyngeal constriction raises

Back 18

The first formant and lowers the second.

Front 19

Singers formant

Back 19

A clustering of the third fourth and fifth formant. Present primarily from 2500-3200 Hz.

Believed to be produced in the larynx just above the vocal folds. The ring ping and core, facilitates being heard over an orchestra.

Front 20

How is the singers formant achieved

Back 20

Lowering the larynx

Widening of the bottom part of the vocal tract surrounding the laryngeal collar

Adjusting the pharynx width so that it is considerably wider than the area of entrance to the laryngeal tube. A rate of 6/1. Sometimes associated with the feeling of a sob or cry in the voice.

Narrowing of the epilarynx

Front 21

Vowel formants are

Back 21

A harmonic peak in the sound spectrum - band of energy.

F0 is the pitch

F1 (size and shape of space behind tongue) and 2 (size and shape of space in front of hump) help determine vowel sounds.

Front 22

The fundamental frequency is

Back 22

The sung pitch

Front 23

Mode 1

Back 23

Chest voice and operatic head for men

Heavy belting

Front 24

Mode 2

Back 24

Falsetto and head voice for women