Research & Stats - Quiz 2

Front 1

Which research approach to research has an active independent variable and includes interventions such as a new curriculum or treatment?

Back 1

Experimental Approach

Front 2

Which research approach has an attribute independent variable and includes methods such as surveys and observational research?

Back 2

Nonexperimental Approach

Front 3

Which research approach does NOT have an independent variable?

Back 3

Descriptive Approach

Front 4

T/F A randomized experiment may or may NOT use random selection or sampling.

Back 4

True

A randomized experiment doesn't necessarily involve random sampling

Front 5

If the independent variable is attributional, what type of experimentation are you doing?

Back 5

comparative or associational

Front 6

Describe

Associational Research

Back 6

-one group of ppl
-look at variations w/in the group
-make predictions
-variable is NOT controlled by the investigator
-look for associations

Front 7

What is the purpose of quasi-experimental research?

Back 7

to examine the causality of a difference between groups

Front 8

What is the purpose of a randomized experimental approach?

Back 8

to determine the likely causes of difference between groups

i.e. lets you argue causality

Front 9

What type of statistics is generally done on experimental (randomized & quasi) and comparative research?

Back 9

Differential Inferential Statistics

e.g. t-test, ANOVA

Front 10

What type of statistics is generally done in associational research?

Back 10

Associational Inferential Statistics

e.g. correlation, multiple regression

Front 11

What type of statistics are generally used with descriptive research methods?

Back 11

Descriptive Statistics

e.g. means, histograms, percentages

Front 12

Researchers are randomly calling people who were randomly chosen to participate in a survey based on geographic area. What kind of sampling is this an example of?

Back 12

Random sampling

Front 13

What are the Quasi-Experimental Designs w/Major Limitations?

Back 13

One group posttest-only design
One Group Pretest-Posttest Design
Wait-list Comparison Group Design
Post-test only Nonequiv Grps Design

Front 14

Describe

One-Group Posttest-Only Designs

Back 14

easier. Only measures outcome

Caveat: doesn't show what/how much was gained by intervention

Front 15

Describe

One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design

Back 15

Test in the beginning and test at the end

Caveat: no comparison group, ignores environmental events, carryover effects

Front 16

Describe

Wait-list Comparison Group Design

Back 16

When there is a group that doesn't get the planned treatment

Caveat: only practical w/ short design, when ethical

Front 17

Describe

Posttest-Only Nonequivalent Gps Design

Back 17

no random assignment & no pretest so impossible to determine how similar the gps were prior to tx (hurt by assignment bias)

Front 18

What are the better Quasi-Experimental Designs?

Back 18

-Pretest-Posttest Nonequiv Comparison Gps Design
-Strong Pretest-Posttest Quasi-Experimental Designs
-Mod-Strength Quasi Exp Designs
-Weak Quasi Exp Designs
-Time Series Designs

Front 19

Describe

Pretest-Posttest Nonequiv Comparison Gps Designs

Back 19

Stronger: when involve randomly assigned tx

Front 20

Describe Times Series Designs?

Back 20

-no random assignment of participants into gps
-contain either temporary tx or continuous tx

Types:
Single Gp Time Series Designs
Multiple Gp Time Series Designs

Front 21

What are the 5 types of Randomized Experimental Designs covered in the text?

Back 21

Posttest-only control gp design
Pretest-posttest control gp design
Solomon 4 gp design
Randomized experimental design w/matching
W/in-subjects or crossover design

Front 22

What is one weakness in using a study design with a pretest?

Back 22

carryover effect - the pretest could impact the outcome of the intervention

Front 23

Describe the

Solomon 4 Gp Design

Back 23

Randomized Experimental Research Design
Strengths:
-participants randomly assigned to one of 4 gps which are diff by exposure to tx and pretest
Weaknesses:
-needs a lot of ppl

Front 24

Describe

Randomized Experimental Designs w/Matching

Back 24

Divides population by levels of the independent variable, then randomly assigns individuals w/in those levels to intervention gp or control gp

Front 25

Describe

Within Subjects Randomized Experimental/Crossover Design

Back 25

Participants are randomly assigned to groups defined by the order of their interventions (e.g. intervention a, test, intervention b, test or vice versa).

ONLY experimental if assignment is random

Front 26

What types or research designs are nonrandomized?

Back 26

Pretest &/or Posttest (no true control group)
Time-series designs

Front 27

What types of research designs are randomized?

Back 27

-W/"control" group
-Solomon 4-group design
-Randomized experimental design w/matching
-W/in subjects/crossover designs

Front 28

What is the difference between random sampling and random assignment?

Back 28

sampling- done first; random selection of participants

assignment- random assignment of participants to groups

Front 29

How is quasi-experimental research approach different to randomized experimental approaches?

Back 29

no random assignment of participants to groups

Front 30

What are the 4 categories of quasi-experimental approaches?

Back 30

1. quasi-experiments w/major limitations
2. pretest-posttest designs
3. time-series designs
4. single-subject designs

Front 31

These studies examine the presumed effect of an attribute independent variable, often by comparing a few groups.

a. associational research approach
b. comparative research approach
c. descriptive research approach
d. quasi-experimental research approach

Back 31

b. comparative research approach

Front 32

This research approach typically includes 5 or more categories, an associational hypothesis, and inferential statistics
a. associational research approach
b. comparative research approach
c. descriptive research approach
d. quasi-experimental research approach

Back 32

a. associational research approach

Front 33

This research approach differs in that only one variable is considered at a time s no comparisons are made
a. associational research approach
b. comparative research approach
c. descriptive research approach
d. quasi-experimental research approach

Back 33

c. descriptive

Front 34

A continuous independent variable is characteristic only of the __________ approach
a. comparative
b. descriptive
c. associational
d. quasi-experimental

Back 34

c. associational

Front 35

This study design is not randomized and involves a pretest, intervention, and postest

Back 35

one group pretest-posttest design

Front 36

In this study design, all participants eventually receive the Tx, but half are first assigned to a waiting list

Back 36

Wait list comparison group design

Front 37

This quasi-experimental design lacks random assignment and a pretest, making it impossible to know how similar the participants were pre-intervention

Back 37

posttest-only non-equivalent groups design

Front 38

In a strong pre-test-posttest quasi experimental approach, the investigator has control over the independent variable and can _____________________to one group and not the other

Back 38

randomly assign the treatment (NOT the participants!)

Front 39

This quasi-experimental design features one group and at least 3 pretests before the intervention. If Tx is continuous there can be multi interventions but each is followed w/a posttest

Back 39

single-group, time series designs

Front 40

In this study design participants are randomly assigned to intervention OR control groups & at the end both are measured using a posttest

Back 40

posttest-only control-group

both receive an intervention? --> posttest-only comparison group design

Front 41

This approach involves an intervention and a control group that receive a pretest and an intervention and control group that don't. It is meant to control for the carryover effect.

Back 41

Solomon Four Group Design