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32 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What is research?

A combination of inductive and deductive reasoning processes

Deductive reasoning

Reasoning from generalizations; general to specific conclusions

Inductive reasoning

Logical thought process of reasoning from facts; specific to general

Method

Systematic steps for carrying out a procedure

Scientific Research Method looks at (3)

-How knowledge will be acquired


-How knowledge will be presented


-How results will be evaluated to prove if they are true or false

Health - WHO 1948

Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Health - Frankish et al. 1996

The capacity of people to adapt to, respond to, or controls life's challenges and changes

Health - WHO 1984

The extent to which an individual or group is able to realize aspirations and satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment. Health is a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living; it is a positive concept, emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities.

Define research

Systematic process of enquiry that aims to generate new scientific knowledge

Health research

Any research relevant to health

CIHR

Canadian Institutes of Health Research

CIHR's four pillars of health (4)

-Biomedical


-Clinical


-Health services and policy


-Social, cultural, environmental, and population health

Young's four categories of health research

1.To describe


2.To explain


3. To predict


4. To control

Young: To describe (2)

-Comparisons between people or groups


-Illustrate difference in health

Cohort Study

Following groups over time and monitoring of health risks and outcomes

Young: to predict and control (2)

-Using research findings to develop and evaluate strategies to mitigate health problems


-Can inform development of services and policies to improve health outcomes

Research Milestone - 1989

Discovery of gene for cystic fibrosis - led to newborn screening and early detection

Research Milestone - 1952

Jonas Salk developed a polio vaccine

Research Milestones - 1954

Toronto Technique for cultivating large quantities of polio vaccine

Research Milestones - 1921

Discovery and production of insulin by Frederick Banting

Research Milestones - 1960s

-Link discovered between vitamin D and rickets


-Began adding to food to counter

Define Research

A tool for generation knowledge for education, disease prevention, as well as practice and policy developement

Research Process

Provides researcher with a step-by-step plan to carry out a research study, using EBP and EBBP to arrive at a sound decision

Researcher's Role in a Study (7)

-Develop a research question


-Select study design


-Ensure Study is ethically sound


-Collect data


-Analyze data


-Prepare study findings


-Develop new research question

Researcher's Role Administratively (5)

-Establish a budget


-Develop a timeline


-Keep records


-Supervise all individuals working on the study


-Comply with all agency, organizational, and institutional rules, regulations, policies, and procedures

12 Steps of the research process

1. Find research topic


2. Find existing knowledge on the topic


3. Define the problem


4. Develop research question


5. Generate hypothesis


6. Choose appropriate study design


7. Define variables and key terms


8. Identify participants/subjects


9. Conduct the study


10. Data analyses


11. Publish, spread knowledge


12. Amend research question to new one

How to determine a research topic (5)

- Pick a topic you are enthusiastic about


- Pick a topic realistic in complexity


- Topic has a specific focus


- Able to revise topic if needed


Why a Literature Search?

- Provides familiarity with chosen topic


- Identify gaps in research


- Determine the pre-existing base of knowledge on the chosen topic

How to Define the Research Problem

- Prepare a problem statement identifying who, what, where, and when


- include basis of study it it is clear, concise, and specific


- Identify the scope, time frame, what is being studied, and what you want to know


- Should be feasible and practical

How to Develop a research question

-Should provide structure and direction for the work to be undertaken


-Should allow researcher to determine they have to appropriate resources for the study


-Should help the researcher be more efficient


PICO (t)

Population


Intervention


Comparison


Outcome


(t)ime

FINER

Feasible


Interesting


Novel


Ethical


Relevant