Research Methods - Table 1.1

Front 1

Precise control possible

Back 1

Advantage:
Experimental

Front 2

Causal conclusions possible

Back 2

Advantage:
Experimental

Front 3

Precise measurement possible

Back 3

Advantage:
Experimental

Front 4

Theory testing possible

Back 4

Advantage:
Experimental

Front 5

Artificial setting

Back 5

Disadvantage:
Experimental

Front 6

High intrusiveness

Back 6

Disadvantage:
Experimental

Front 7

Complex behavior difficult to measure

Back 7

Disadvantage:
Experimental

Front 8

Unstructured exploratory research difficult

Back 8

Disadvantage:
Experimental

Front 9

Relationships between variables can be found

Back 9

Advantages:
Correlational

Front 10

precise measurement usually possible

Back 10

Advantages:
Correlational

Front 11

Intrusiveness usually low

Back 11

Advantages:
Correlational

Front 12

Control of variables difficult

Back 12

Disadvantages:
Correlational

Front 13

Many participants required

Back 13

Disadvantages:
Correlational

Front 14

Data collection efficient

Back 14

Advantage:
Questionnaires

Front 15

Attitude or opinion can be measured

Back 15

Advantage:
Questionnaires

Front 16

Causal conclusions impossible

Back 16

Disadvantage:
Questionnaires
Correlational observation
Ethnography
Naturalistic observation
Case History
Archival

Front 17

Self-reports difficult to verify

Back 17

Disadvantage:
Questionnaires

Front 18

Unbiased sample selection difficult

Back 18

Disadvantage:
Questionnaires

Front 19

Response rates low when mailed

Back 19

Disadvantage:
Questionnaires

Front 20

No additional data collection required

Back 20

Advantages:
Archival

Front 21

Rare behaviors can be studied

Back 21

Advantages:
Archival

Front 22

Nonmanipulable events can be studied

Back 22

Advantages:
Archival

Front 23

Appropriate records often not available

Back 23

Disadvantages:
Archival

Front 24

Data collected by nonscientists

Back 24

Disadvantages:
Archival

Front 25

Data usually correlational at best

Back 25

Disadvantages:
Archival

Front 26

Unfamiliar situations can be described

Back 26

Advantages:
Ethnography

Front 27

Complex behaviors can be described

Back 27

Advantages:
Ethnography

Front 28

Intrusiveness low

Back 28

Advantages:
Ethnography
Naturalistic observation

Front 29

Participants treated humanistically

Back 29

Advantages:
Ethnography

Front 30

Control of variables impossible

Back 30

Disadvantages:
Ethnography
Naturalistic observation
Case History

Front 31

Precise measurement difficult

Back 31

Disadvantages:
Ethnography

Front 32

Investigator bias possible

Back 32

Disadvantages:
Ethnography
Naturalistic observation

Front 33

Realistic setting helps generalization

Back 33

Advantages:
Naturalistic observation

Front 34

Intrusiveness low

Back 34

Advantages:
Naturalistic observation
Ethnography

Front 35

Data collection inefficient

Back 35

Disadvantages:
Naturalistic observation

Front 36

Investigator bias possible

Back 36

Disadvantages:
Naturalistic observation
Ethnography

Front 37

Rare cases can be studied

Back 37

Advantages:
Case History

Front 38

Complex behavior can be intensively studied

Back 38

Advantages:
Case History

Front 39

Data often based on fallible memories

Back 39

Disadvantages:
Case History

Front 40

Investigator bias highly likely

Back 40

Disadvantages:
Case History