Research Methods: Rt Procedures, Quiz #2

Front 1

Hick's Law

Back 1

The more choices in a stimulus presented, the longer it takes the subject to respond

Front 2

stimulus response mapping

Back 2

making sure a subject knows what buttons mean what, getting practice trials

Front 3

stimulus response compatibility

Back 3

the design of the apparatus, does it work well? example: cooking on a stove and turning wrong coils

are 1 and 2 too close to each other?

Front 4

proactive interference

Back 4

in the past you've learned to do something one way and you have problems relearning it another way

Front 5

masking

Back 5

if you have a 2nd stimulus following the 1st stimulus immediately after and it's displayed longer, it erases the perception of the 1st stimulus.

Front 6

foreperiod

Back 6

the period before stimulus (usually 500 ms)

Front 7

lexical decision

Back 7

Meyer and Schvaneveldt (1970)

Front 8

block

Back 8

set of trials

Front 9

trial

Back 9

each new experience with stimulus/response

Front 10

fixation

Back 10

an indicator on the screen that primes us for the stimulus

Front 11

Confounds

Back 11

those things that might affect the dependent variable in an experiment and, therefore, must be controlled in some way so that they do not influence the outcome

Front 12

RT

Back 12

the time from the onset of a stimulus to the time the subject responds

Front 13

Comparing outcomes of experiments

Back 13

we must be careful because mechanically, the setup may call for longer response times (lever vs. keyboard)

Front 14

simple RT vs. choice RT

Back 14

SIMPLE: a subject makes one response to a single stimulus

CHOICE: a subject makes a decision about the stimulus presented

Front 15

Initiation

Back 15

may be under the subject's control, allowing the subject to begin a trial whenever he or she is ready. If not, it's controlled by a computer and will give some sort of a warning signal to begin

Front 16

a fore period may be

Back 16

fixed or varying.

the foreperiod is usually fixed for choice RT tasks and for

simple RT tasks, the duration of the foreperiod varies randomly so that the subject cannot react by anticipating the appearance based on timing.

Front 17

priming stimuli

Back 17

stimuli that are intended to affect the processing of the later stimulus

Front 18

imperative stimulus

Back 18

the one requiring a response

Front 19

stimulus duration

Back 19

how long it remains in view

it is usually controlled largely by the nature of the stimulus display

if the stimulus duration is so short that the subject gets only a glance at the stimulus, the display is described as a data limited display

Front 20

feedback

Back 20

feedback about accuracy and response time is given following a response

this emphasizes the importance of responding correctly and gets them to monitor their own performance

Front 21

inter-trial interval

Back 21

is the time from the end of one trial to the beginning of the next

if the subject has the initiation of the next trial, they also control the ITI

Front 22

inter-stimulus interval

Back 22

is the time from the onset of the first stimulus to the onset of the imperative stimulus

or the stimulus onset asynchrony

Front 23

blocked vs. random

Back 23

results of an experiment depend on the choice of blocked versus random presentation of the stimulus types

Front 24

counterbalancing

Back 24

is designed to remove any effects of carry-over from one block of trials to the next

Front 25

instructions

Back 25

let the subject know what will be happening and what the correct responses are

usually emphasize that subjects are to respond as quickly as possible while still remaining accurate

Front 26

debriefing

Back 26

telling the subject what pattern of RT's you expect to find and why

they may also be shown their results

Front 27

attention changes...

Back 27

RT may vary from t rial to trial, even if the stimulus doesn't. this is because there are momentary changes in attention

Front 28

averaging results

Back 28

each individual response isn't relaible, but taking the average gives us a better picture.


we calculate the CONFIDENCE INTERVAL to find how many trials will give us an accurate response

Front 29

within-subjects variables

Back 29

are those where each subject is tested at each level of the variable

in general these are preferred , no carry over effects

Front 30

speed-accuracy tradeoff

Back 30

subjects might be trading accuracy for speed

Front 31

probability of a stimulus

Back 31

is important. having the likeliness equal for each possible stimulus is important for most experiments

Front 32

the effect of hick's law

Back 32

the effect of that increase in RT will become smaller as the number of responses becomes larger and larger

Front 33

retinal locus

Back 33

location on the retina where the image of the stimulus must be controlled by randomization or counterbalancing

Front 34

cognitive misers

Back 34

characterized social perceivers

(Fiske and Taylor)

Front 35

Barlett (1932)

Back 35

studied recall on british undergraduates to recall a native-american folk tale

showed that sometimes they misremembered, and when they did, the misremembering often reflected pre-existing beliefs

Front 36

automaticity

Back 36

certain mental or motor routines can be automatic, like given the right stimulus situation, the routine will be carried out