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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do we know things about the world?
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-Intuition
-Logic -Authority -Observations |
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Illusory Correlations
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Observe a correlation which does not truly exist
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Scientific Method
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way in which scientists ask questions; logic and methods used to gain answers
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Description
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procedures used to define, classify events and their relationships
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Nomothetic (description)
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study diverse population
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Idiographic
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Study individuals
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Prediction
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Determine which behaviors and events may occur together
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Correlation
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two variables often occur together
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T or F: Variables always have to be causally related to allow prediction
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False
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Explanation
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determine why specific events and behaviors cause other specific behaviors
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Variables must be causally related via:
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-Co-variation (correlation)
-Time-order relationship -Elimination of plausible alternative |
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Causal Inference
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three conditions necessary for determining a causal relationship are met, infer a causal relationship (because not explicit or observable)
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Application
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Use findings from experiments and research for behavioral change
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Applied Research vs Basic Research
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Applied: Use for the betterment of humanity
Basic: gain knowledge about behavior and mental processes and to test theories |
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Laws
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Universal and can be applied to anything
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Steps of Scientific Method
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-Observation:
-Hypothesis: must be testable prediction about specific event under certain circumstances -Experiment: manipulation of variable (IV) and observe result (DV) -Reporting |
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Inductive and Deductive techniques
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Inductive: case study, paradoxical incidents, analyzing rule of thumb, serendipity
Deductive: apply analysis, hypothetico deductive reasoning, account for conflicting results, account for exceptions |
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Operational Definition
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explains concept solely in terms of observable procedures used to produce and measure it
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